Tolerance & Disease Modifiers

1.

1 point

How does interferons (IFNs) prevent the spread of virus infection?

Stops DNA synthesis in uninfected cells

Increases NK cell cytotoxicity

Stops DNA synthesis in infected cells

Decreases NK cell cytotoxicity

2.

1 point

Which of the following cells produce INF-gamma?

T cells

macrophages

NK Cells

fibroblasts

LAK cells

3.

1 point

Which of the following is/are type(s) of tolerance?

Privilieged

Sequestered

Central

Peripheral

4.

1 point

Which of the following is involve in peripheral B tolerance and T independent antigens?

Generation of T regulatory (CD4+CD25+) cells

Down regulation of HEL BCR

Clonal Anergy

Up regulation of HEL BCR

5.

1 point

Which of the following is true about Bevacizumab?

A recombinant human mAb targeted against HER- 2 protein, which is overexpressed in 25%-30% of patients with breast cancer.

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody directed toward vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

Binds to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B cells (but not B cell precursors), allowing radiation from the attached isotope (mostly beta emission) to kill it and some nearby cells

mAb against EGFR(c-erb1 or HER1) that is overexpressed in many epithelial cell tumors.

6.

1 point

Which of the following is true about Ibritumomab?

Binds to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B cells (but not B cell precursors), allowing radiation from the attached isotope (mostly beta emission) to kill it and some nearby cells

mAb against EGFR(c-erb1 or HER1) that is overexpressed in many epithelial cell tumors.

A recombinant human monoclonal antibody directed toward vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

A recombinant human mAb targeted against HER- 2 protein, which is overexpressed in 25%-30% of patients with breast cancer.

7.

1 point

Which of the following are characteristics of IFNα?

Produced by fibroblasts and epithelial cells

Increase number of white blood cells

Potentiate tumor cytotoxicity of TNF

Induce MHC expression on tumor cells

Inhibit angiogenesis

8.

1 point

How does High levels of IL-2 affects tolerance?

It causes false Positive in Positive Selection.

It causes false Negative in Negative Selection allowing autoimmune cells to escape the selection process.

It down regulates T regulatory cells to T effector cells

It down regulates Fas molecules on autoreactive T cells.

9.

1 point

Which of the following is/are Non-specific immunomodulators?

Filgrastim

Erythropoietin

Bacille Calmette Guerin

Levamisole

10.

1 point

Which of the following DMARDs is used to deactivate macrophages?

Methotrexate

Coloidal Gold

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

Cyclosporine

11.

1 point

Which of the following is true about Central B cell tolerance?

B cells that express BCRs with low affinity for self antigens are released in circulation

B cells that express BCRs with high affinity for self antigens are released in circulation

Occurs in peripheral lymphoid organs

B cells that express BCRs with moderate affinity for self antigens are released in circulation

It's a one step process

Occurs in Bone marrow

12.

1 point

Which cells are responsible for T cells Positive Selection?
Hint: aka Nurse Cells

Macrophages

Epithelial cells

Monocytes

Dentritic Cells

13.

1 point

Which of the following test for T cell affinity for Class I and II molecules?

Negative Selection

Positive Selection

Cross Selection

Natural Selection

14.

1 point

Where does B cell Central Tolerance occurs?

Lymph Nodes

Bone marrow

Spleen

Thymus

15.

1 point

Sipuleucel is a Vaccine used to treat prostate cancer. It fuses prostate antigens to GM-CSF incubated with autologous dentritic cells. The only one on the market!!!

True

False

16.

1 point

Where does T cell tolerance occurs?

Bone Marrow

Thymus

Thyroid

Parathyroid

17.

1 point

Which of the following is true about Cetuximab?

mAb against EGFR(c-erb1 or HER1) that is overexpressed in many epithelial cell tumors.

recombinant human mAb targeted against HER- 2 protein, which is overexpressed in 25%-30% of patients with breast cancer.

chimeric anti-CD20 Ab targeted against CD20 antigen, which is expressed in more than 95% of cases of NHL.

Binds to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B cells (but not B cell precursors), allowing radiation from the attached isotope (mostly beta emission) to kill it and some nearby cells

18.

1 point

Which of the following are types of Cancer Vaccines?

Idiotypic, Dentritic, Viral vector, RNA, T cells

Idiotypic, Dentritic, Viral vector, DNA, T cells

Whole cell, Idiotypic, Dentritic, Viral vector, DNA

Whole cell, Idiotypic, Dentritic, Viral vector, RNA

19.

1 point

Which of the following vaccines involves the irradiation of autologous tumor cells and reinjecting them into patients?

DNA Vaccines

RNA Vaccines

T cell Vaccines

Whole Cell Vaccines

20.

1 point

Tolerance is synonymous with Anergy. They are easily reversible.

True

False

21.

1 point

Which of the following is true about Rituximab?

Binds to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B cells (but not B cell precursors), allowing radiation from the attached isotope (mostly beta emission) to kill it and some nearby cells

mAb against EGFR(c-erb1 or HER1) that is overexpressed in many epithelial cell tumors.

a recombinant human mAb targeted against HER- 2 protein, which is overexpressed in 25%-30% of patients with breast cancer.

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody directed toward vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

a chimeric anti-CD20 Ab targeted against CD20 antigen, which is expressed in more than 95% of cases of NHL.

22.

1 point

Which of the following cancer vaccines involve the translation of tumor antigens and cytokines?

Idiotypic Vaccines

DNA Vaccines

RNA Vaccines

Viral Vector Vaccines

23.

1 point

Which of the following increases the number of white blood cells and stimulate the production of stem cells?

Growth Factors

Monoclonal Antibodies

Cytokines

Cancer Vaccines

24.

1 point

Which of the following is true about Trastuzumab?

Binds to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B cells (but not B cell precursors), allowing radiation from the attached isotope (mostly beta emission) to kill it and some nearby cells

a recombinant human mAb targeted against HER- 2 protein, which is overexpressed in 25%-30% of patients with breast cancer.

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody directed toward vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

mAb against EGFR(c-erb1 or HER1) that is overexpressed in many epithelial cell tumors.

25.

1 point

Which of the following cells produce IFN-ß?

endothelial cells

Fibroblasts

macrophages

T cells

epithelial cells

26.

1 point

Which of the following cancer vaccines involve the insertion of tumor antigen genes into replicative viruses?

DNA Vaccines

Viral Vector Vaccines

RNA Vaccines

Idiotypic Vaccines

27.

1 point

Which of the following T cells will make it through the selection process?

High Affinity for Class I & II; Low to moderate affinity for Self Antigen

High affinity for Class I & II; No affinity for Self Antigens

No affinity for Class I & II; No affinity for Self Antigens

Low Affinity for Class I & II; Low affinity for Self Antigen

28.

1 point

Which of the following is/are mechanism(s) involved in peripheral B cell tolerance?

Fas FasL

Clonal Anergy

Generation of T regulatory (CD4+CD25+) cells

CD8 Suppressor Cells

Down regulation of HEL BCR

29.

1 point

Which of the following BRMs are Growth Factors?

G-CSF

INFα

GM-CSF

Erythropoietin

IL-12

Interleukin-11

30.

1 point

Why do we need tolerance?

For faster initial response against Virus

To prevent autoimmune response

For faster response against subsequent infection

For faster initial response against Bacteria

31.

1 point

Which of the following determine the survival of thymocytes?

Affinity

Size

Tolerance level

Avidity

32.

1 point

Where does the rearrangement of TCRs occur?

Thymus

Bone marrow

Thyroid

Parathyroid

33.

1 point

The role of Negative Selection is to screen T cells' ability to react with Class I&II molecules?

True

False

34.

1 point

What are BRMs?

Blood Reduction Medication

Biological Response Modifiers

B cell Receptor Modifiers

Biological Reaction Managers

35.

1 point

Which of the following can cause breakdown of tolerance?

Increased IL-2 concentration

Increased Interferon (IFN) concentration

Cross reactive antigens

Increased Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) concentration

Defective Fas FasL

36.

1 point

What are the mechanisms of central tolerance?

Natural Selection

Positive Selection

Cross selection

Negative Selection

37.

1 point

Which of the following is/are mechanism(s) involved in post-thymic/peripheral T cell tolerance?

Fas FasL

CD8 Suppressor cells

Generation of T regulatory (CD4+CD25+) cells

Down regulation of HEL

Clonal Anergy

38.

1 point

What are DMARDs?

Disease Modifying anti-RANKL drugs

Disease Modifying anti-arthritic drugs

Disease Modifying anti-retroviral drugs

Disease Managing anti-RANKL drugs

39.

1 point

What are the five types of BRMs?

Mabs, Cytokines, Growth Factors, Non-specific immunomodulators, Cancer vaccines

Mabs, Non-specific immunomodulators, Cancer vaccines, T cells, Cytokines

Mabs, Non-specific immunomodulators, Cancer vaccines, B cells, Cytokines

Mabs, Cytokines, Growth Factors, Non-specific immunomodulators, Plaquenil

40.

1 point

What is tolerance?

lack of immune response to all pathogen

unresponsiveness to an antigen induced by prior exposure

An anamnestic unresponsiveness to an antigen

unresponsiveness due to second exposure

41.

1 point

What type of cancer vaccine is Sipuleucel?

RNA Vaccine

Idiotypic Vaccine

DNA Vaccine

Dendritric Cell Vaccine

42.

1 point

The role of Positive Selection is to screen T cells' ability to react with Self Antigen?

True

False

43.

1 point

Which of the following cancer vaccines is used to treat B cell malignancies?

Whole Cell Vaccines

DNA Vaccines

Idiotypic Vaccines

RNA Vaccines