Psych Final. Edit

1.

1 point

A group of students obtained these scores in a quiz: 10, 9, 6, 8, 6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5. Calculate the variance of these scores.

cannot be calculated

5

2.89

3.5

2.

1 point

How fo you calculate the standard deviation of a set of scores?

square the variance

square the mean

Cannot calculate varience

Take the square root of the variance

3.

1 point

What is the formula to calculate an effect size (ES) between two means (Mean A & Mean B)?

Mean(A) + Mean(B)/varianceAB

Mean(A)- Mean (B)

Mean(A) x Mean(B)

Mean(A) - Mean(B)/ average SD

4.

1 point

The idea that human nature is selfish, aggressive, nasty, and competitive but that society constrains people to restrain these impulses is most associated with which famous philosopher?

Locke

Descartes

Hobbes

Plato

5.

1 point

Which of the following are characteristics of the correlational approach to psychology?

measuring how variables are interrelated to each other in the "real" world

manipulating the independent variable

examining the differences in naturally occurring groups

two of the above

all of the above

6.

1 point

Which of the following are true of genotypes?

a genotype can result in various phenotypes

a genotype has a reaction range which depends upon environmental factors

a phenotype is something you are born with

some of the above

all of the above

7.

1 point

Parents who are highly intelligent and well-educated are more likely to provide intellectually stimulating environments for their children and are also more likely to have children who are intelligent than parents who have lower levels of intelligence. This illustrates

phenotypic interaction

evocative gene-environment correlation

passive gene-environment correlation

gene-environment interaction

genotypic reaction range

8.

1 point

Children with higher intelligence show greater increases in knowledge when exposed to intellectual stimulation than children with less intellectual ability exposed to the same level of intellectual stimulation. This illustrates

gene-environment interaction

incomplete dominance

active gene-environment correlation

evocative gene-environment correlation

selective breeding

9.

1 point

conduction in the axon is:

graded

all or none

hyperpolarized

decremental

10.

1 point

the resting potential of a neuron:

is about +70 mv inside with respect to the outside

is about -70 mv inside with respect to the outside

is an all or none conducted potential

is seen only in the cell body

is seen only in the axon

11.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT TRUE:

the post-synaptic neuron summates excitatory and inhibitory inputs

an inhibitory stimulus makes a neuron less polarized

when neurons depolarize, they become less negative in voltage

an excitatory stimulus makes a neuron less polarized

12.

1 point

In myelinated axons conduction of the action potential:

is slowed down by the myelin

jumps from synapse to synapse

jumps from dendrite to dendrite

jumps from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier

is continuous

13.

1 point

Which of the following is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter

glutamate

GABA

serotonin

dopamine

14.

1 point

Which of the following are true of neurotransmitters

they are stored in presynaptic neurons

each transmitter has its own shape receptor

they are ejected from the post-synaptic neuron and then broken down or re-uptaken

some of the above

all of the above

15.

1 point

The right hemisphere is more specialized than the left hemisphere for which of the following

face recognition

language

spatial/pattern perception

some of the above

all of the above

16.

1 point

The idea that the brain operates in both a bottom up and top down way, with simple, modality-specific sensory-bound functioning at the bottom and more abstract and flexible, less localized functioning at the top is best associated with

Broca

Luria

Lashley

Gall

17.

1 point

A problem in initiating and organizing action (such as lighting a cigarette) is best called

aphasia

apraxia

agnosia

anomia

18.

1 point

In a “split-brain” patient, which of the following are true

an object seen only in the right visual field can be named

an object seen only in the left visual field can be named

the corpus collosum is served

a and c

b and c

19.

1 point

Psychophysics is a branch of psychology that studies

the relation between a physical stimulus and the sensory experience it ultimately gives rise to

the role of the autonomic nervous system

the relationship between the disciplines of physics and psychology

the physical basis of motivation, emotion, and other mental activity

the brain as a physical object

20.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Weber's account of sensation

Weber's fraction is the percent needed for one j.n.d

Weber's fraction differs by modality

the intensity by which the standard must be increased to be noticed is the square root of the intensity of the standard

The larger the stimulus, the less sensitive one is to changes in its intensity

21.

1 point

The left and right optic nerves cross over to the contralateral side in the

thalamus

occipital lobe

blind spot

optic chiasm

22.

1 point

The Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision postulates ( ) receptors, whereas the Hering opponent-process theory of color vision postulates ( ) receptors.

3,4

3,2

4,3

2,4

2,3

23.

1 point

Which of the following are Gestalt Grouping principles

proximity

closure

continuity

common fate

three fo the above

all of the above

24.

1 point

In the Hit Rate Model, the hit rate (or sensitivity) represents

the percent of times the signal is absent that the subject says it is absent

the percent of times the signal is absent that the subject says it actually is present

the percent of times the subject says the signal is present when it actually is

the percent of times the signal is present that the subject says it is absent

the percent of times the signal is present that the subject says it is present

25.

1 point

In the Hit Rate Model, the false alarm rate represents

the percent of times the signal is absent that the subject says it is absent

the percent of times the signal is present that the subject says it is absent

the percent of times the signal is present that the subject says it is present

the percent of times the subject says the signal is present when it actually is

the percent of times the signal is absent that the subject says it actually is present

26.

1 point

In Signal Detection theory, d’ (d prime) refers to which of the following

the distance between the means of the “noise” distribution and the “signal” distribution

how easy the signal is to detect

the criterion a person uses to say a signal is present

some of the above

all of the above

27.

1 point

Which of the following is true regarding categorical perception of phonemes

discrimination is good at the boundary between phoneme categories

discrimination functions show sharp inflections

identification functions are smooth

discrimination is good between phoneme categories

some of the above

all of the above

28.

1 point

Children lose the ability to discriminate non-native phonemes by

4 months

6 months

12 months

18 months

29.

1 point

Which of the following are aspects of the body's SNS response to perceived stress

heart rate increases

respiration rate increases

pupils constrict

some of the above

all of the above

30.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Meany's findings with rat pups

rat mothers differ in how much nurturing/licking/grooming they provide

rats with high-nurturing moms have fewer hippocampampal glucocorticoid receptors, resulting in less negative feedback inhibition.

variations in maternal nurturing affect the expression of genes for hippocampampal glucocorticoid receptors

the cross-fostering paradigm can help decouple genetic and environmental effects

pups with low-nurturing mothers have more HPA response to stress and are emotional and fearful

31.

1 point

Which results were found in the Hane and Fox (2006) study of 9-month olds

infants with more nurturing mothers were less cranky when observed at home

infants with less nurturing mothers were more fearful and showed less joint attention with their mothers during the lab visit

infants with more nurturing mothers showed more right frontal activty on EEGs

some of the above

all of the above

32.

1 point

Erikson's view of the first developmental stage differs from Freud's view in that

Erikson's account is psychosexual and Freud's is psychosocial

Erikson's account is psychosocial and Frued's is psychosexual

Erikson focuses on oral needs and Freud focuses on mutiple aspects of nurturance

Erikson postulates a polarity between basic trust and mustrust and Freud postulates a conflict between gratification and frustration of labindial urges

two of the above

33.

1 point

When a 9-month-old cries and fusses every time his mother leaves the room, he is showing

separation protest

stranger anxiety

social referencing

insecure attachment

34.

1 point

Harlow's monkeys raised without mothers

showed equal attachment to the "milk" and "cloth" wire "mothers"

didn't cling to the wire mother

preferred the wire "mother" that gave milk

used the "cloth mother" as an attachment object

35.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the "internal working model" according to Bowlby?

it is something the child is born with

it involves the child's sense of worth

it represents how the child has been treated by caregivers

it provides a template for how one views others

it changes over time as a result of experience

36.

1 point

Which of the following has NOT been found to be true of infants who are "securely attached" in Ainsworth's strange situation

they have better peer relations later in childhood

their mothers tend to be more responsive and attentive

they don't cry when their mother leaves the room

they are better problem-solvers in kindergarten

37.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT one of the required diagnostic criteria for autism

restricted repertoire of interests/activities

problems in social interaction

mental retardation

communication/language impairment

38.

1 point

What kind of mental structure do we access when deciding if tulips and daffodils are flowers that grow from bulbs?

an episodic memory

a perceptual network

a script

an internal working model

a taxonomic hierarchy

39.

1 point

Which of the following is true of prototypical exemplars of categories

they are classified more quickly than peripheral exemplars

they are likely to possess most of the characteristic features of the category

they are classified more accurately than peripheral exemplars

some of the above

all of the above

40.

1 point

_____ would be a good example of a prototype for the concept "bird."

pelican

turkey

sparrow

penguin

41.

1 point

Pick the proper arrangement of concepts so each is a subset of the next:

men, women, citizens

skateboards, automobiles, vehicles

flowers, plants, flowering plants

lions, predators, animals

42.

1 point

Which of the following is true of functional fixedness?

it involves thinking of something in only one way

it improves working memory

It involves mental rehearsal

it improves problem solving

43.

1 point

Which of the following defines Tversky & Kahneman's availability heuristic?

we believe that events that are easier to think of are more frequent

we use our emotional responses to help us make decisions

we use similarity to a prototype more than base rates of categories in rating likelihood

we believe answer choices more easily recognized are correct

44.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of procedural memories?

they involve recalling how to perform a task

they can be thought of as stimulus-response pairings

they tend to deteriorate greatly in Alzheimer's disease

they are stored in the cerebellum

45.

1 point

According to the Atkinson-Shifrin model of information processing

information attended to passes from the sensory register into working memory

information in working memory is lost in a few seconds if it is not rehearsed

both recognition and recall demonstrate retrieval from long-term memory

some of the above

all of the above

46.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of cortisol’s role in memory

cortisol facilitates memory via increasing glutamate

excessive amounts of cortisol damage memory

cortisol interferes with long-term potentiation

cortisol levels affect the health of the hippocampus

47.

1 point

Findings from tests of the "levels of processing" theory of memory include that

encoding word meaning leads to better recall than encoding visual features

encoding acoustic features (e.g. rhyming) leads to better recall than encoding meaning

encoding visual features leads to worse recall than encoding acoustic features

some of the above

all of the above

48.

1 point

Findings from tests of the "levels of processing" theory of memory include that

encoding word meaning leads to better recall than encoding visual features

encoding acoustic features (e.g. rhyming) leads to better recall than encoding meaning

encoding visual features leads to worse recall than encoding acoustic features

some of the above

49.

1 point

Which of the following is true of the fundamental attribution error?

people tend to make dispositional attributions about themselves

people tend to make situational attributions about themselves

people tend to make personological attributions about others

some of the above

all of the above

50.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT one of Kahneman and Tversky's cognitive heuristics?

illusory correlation

availability

confirmatory bias

cognitive dissonance

representativeness