Practice Exam 3 ch. 16 & 17

1.

1 point

what is the equation for stream discharge?

Q=wdv

Q=WDV

Q=wvd

Q=wd

2.

1 point

_____ major force against stream flow and ____ % goes to overcoming fiction

3.

1 point

Which one if FALSE about the zone of saturation

also called zone of groundwater

bottom zone

wells and springs start in this level

all of the above

none of the above

4.

1 point

follow crest of interfluves btw 2 nearby basins

tributary stream

area

interfluve

mouth

drainage divide

main stream

5.

1 point

many spill from lake to lake (ex: Niagara falls) is ________ course

lower

upper

middle

6.

1 point

_____ is a high coarse sediment input; downstream of glaciers (ex: canada and tibet)

straight channels

braided rivers

meandering channels

7.

1 point

stream discharge is also known as ________

8.

1 point

what is the ratio for drainage density?

total height of all channels to area of drainage basin

total length of all channels to area of drainage basin

total depth of all channels to area of drainage density

total of all channels to area of drainage basin

9.

1 point

which channel pattern does NOT belong?

meandering

braided

straight

sideways

10.

1 point

deranged?

chaotic channels connecting small lakes

uniform rock resistance to weathering

linear joint in bedrock

weak rocks btw resistance rocks

resulted from retreated ice sheet

11.

1 point

perched water table

build up of water above saturation, held up by aquiclude

upper limit, varies with amount of pre, loss of outflow, removal by pumping

water drain downward by gravity to lower levels

none of the above

12.

1 point

___________ flow occurs when the channel responds to seasonal wet seasons or snowmelt

perennial

ephemeral

intermittent

13.

1 point

in the upper course, steep gradient is _____ _____ its ______ level

low below, base

low below, bedrock

high above, bedrock

high above, base

14.

1 point

what sinkhole creates closed depressions?

tower karst

collapse

solution

valley sinks

15.

1 point

regional base level is exterior basins elevation

True

False

16.

1 point

______ taking more water out of aquifer by pumping than being replaced by natural ways in same time period

water table

water mining

perched water table

percolation

17.

1 point

in the water table, humid regions are ______ and arid regions are _________

closer to surface, deeper to surface

deeper to surface, closer to surface

18.

1 point

stream order allows us to compare features of streams by color which helps us understand how streams work

True

False

19.

1 point

in the middle course, _________ is good for farming, but a flood ______

point bar, hazard

floods, hazard

cut bank, hazard

floodplain, hazard

20.

1 point

through time, karst landscapes will evolve into an "egg box" structure in what?

haystack hills

columns

uvalas

hums

striations

conical hills

21.

1 point

________ drainage densities tend to generate surface runoff and moderate erodible surfaces

High or Low

22.

1 point

in water mining, humid regions are ________and arid regions are _________

can be refilled, can't be refilled

can't be refilled, can be refilled

23.

1 point

calcium carbonate precipitated slowly from water in what?

columns

stalactites

stalagmites

A, B, and C

B and C

24.

1 point

transverse streams are located in drainage basins

True

False

25.

1 point

traction

moving materials at top

bouncing materials at top

rolling materials along edge

rolling materials along bottom

26.

1 point

alluvial plains have skinny floodplains

True

False

27.

1 point

linear joint in bedrock

trellis

radial

dendritic

deranged

rectangular

28.

1 point

in geological time, most sediment transport occurs in ______ size flood events

29.

1 point

what reflects the ability of the drainage basin?

generate surface runoff

erodibility of surface materials

total length of all channels

when streams exceed bankfull flow

all of the above

none of the above

30.

1 point

sheet wash

downslope as thin sheet of channelized flow

True

False

31.

1 point

T or F, and if F then put the correct answer

in deltas, sediment may begin to settle out and have a fast going process

32.

1 point

stream competence is the _____ size of rock particles that a stream is able to ______

min, flow

max, flow

min, transport

max, transport

33.

1 point

new uplift is where meanders are formed and become entrenched

True

False

34.

1 point

what are the 3 subsurface water zones? And from top zone to bottom zone

aeration, solution, saturation

solution, saturation, saltation

aeration, saturation, water table fluctuation

aeration, water table fluctuation, saturation

35.

1 point

Aquiclude

water found beneath the surface

natural outflows

impermeable rock layer restricts passage of water

groundwater seeping into streams

36.

1 point

what is zone of aeration

middle zone, always saturated, also called groundwater

top zone, rarely saturated, pore spaces in soil and rocks contain air and water

top zone, always saturated, water table in upper limit

top zone, rarely saturated, recharges amount of water

37.

1 point

what are the 6 drainage patterns?

38.

1 point

base level change, new uplift, and stream terraces consist with what?

base level change and energy

base level change and tectonics

base level change and friction

base level change and streams

39.

1 point

concentration of flow

Rills are ___________ and Gullies are __________

somewhat larger channels that flow year around, tiny channels that flow year around

tiny channels that flow year around, somewhat larger channels that flow year around

somewhat larger channels, tiny channels

tiny channels, somewhat larger channels

40.

1 point

lateral migration is a sideways shift of channel over time

True

False

41.

1 point

______ energy of motion; uses this energy for stream to move a rock

chemical

physical

kinetic

gradient

42.

1 point

stream discharge depends on:

drainage basin and surface runoff

surface runoff and recent weather

recent weather and patterns of streams

recent weather and drainage basin

43.

1 point

_____ are uniform rock resistance to weathering

dendritic

deranged

radial

trellis

44.

1 point

cut bank?

outer, channel is deep and has fast velocity, steep slope

inner, low velocity and shallow flow

sideways shift of channel over time

none of the above

45.

1 point

what else promotes runoff?

impermeable sediments; thin soils; steep slope; sparse vegetation

permeable sediments, thick soils, gentler slope

the larger channel stream

occurs as gradient flattens and stream looses energy

46.

1 point

in drainage density, it shows how divided the landscape is by ___________

area

surface runoff

streams

channels

47.

1 point

stream order

spatial patterns of streams and their tributaries

elevation below where flow stops

specific area you are examining

many ways describing a stream and basin position

48.

1 point

what uses/helps stream energy?

kinetic energy

stream order

stream patterns

surface runoff

stream transportation

stream load

channel roughness

stream discharge

stream gradient; friction

49.

1 point

inner, low velocity and shallow flow is what?

cut bank

natural leeves

point bar

lateral migration

50.

1 point

land btw channels in stream landscape is

mouth

drainage divide

main stream

tributary stream

interfluve

51.

1 point

joints and fractures in limestone create areas of weakness in karst

True

False

52.

1 point

________ streams flow across structure, cutting gap and canyon through mts or ridges

superimposed

transverse

antecendent

53.

1 point

streams of rivers are _______ and streams of creek, brook, run, draw, and bayous are _____________

large, small

small, large

54.

1 point

______ creates steep sided valley (V-shape)

streams

gradient

energy

erosion

55.

1 point

what is TRUE about zone of water table fluctuation

top zone, rarely saturated

middle zone, always saturated, also called groundwater

middle zone, varies btw saturation: high precipitation is not saturated and low precipitation is saturated

middle zone, varies btw saturation: high precipitation is saturated and low precipitation is not saturated

none of the above

56.

1 point

middle course has steep gradient

True

False

57.

1 point

upper course has a large depositional plain

True

False

58.

1 point

Karst landscapes are

resulting from climate change and tectonic uplift

landforms developed by solution and found in limestone

landforms developed by limestone and found in solution

chemical weathering process

59.

1 point

macropores grow into each other creating sinkholes and caves

True

False

60.

1 point

____ volume of water in give cross section per unit of time

w

d

Q

v

61.

1 point

natural levees

raised level, flooding is high risk

sloping away

wide floodplains

62.

1 point

drainage area is

measured in sq kilometers or sq miles

specific stream that you are examining

located in drainage basins

all of the above

63.

1 point

what consists in channelized runoff?

ephemeral

throughfall

stemflow

interception

perennial

rills and gullies

infiltration

sheet wash

intermittent

64.

1 point

in channel patterns:

canada and tibet are examples of _______

missouri river is example of _________

braided river, meandering channels

braided river, straight channels

meandering channels, braided river

meandering channels, straight channels

straight channels, braided river

65.

1 point

what is NOT true about stream terraces?

older, higher valley floors

preserved after river downcuts to new levels

new, lower valley floors

none of the above

66.

1 point

streams

natural, unchannelized flow of any size

natural, unchannelized flow of only one size

natural, channelized flow of only one size

natural, channelized flow of any size

67.

1 point

as stream order increases, what else increases?

total density

channel length and size

basin area

sea level

stream discharge

surface runoff

amount of flow

68.

1 point

what consist of the 1st order?

69.

1 point

Karst landscapes are landforms developed by solution and found in what type of rock?

70.

1 point

warm humid climate with precipitation is most used in ______ development

71.

1 point

what also effects base level and creates a new base level

72.

1 point

in the lower course, _____ levees have raised level, flooding has high risk

artificial

natural

73.

1 point

what course flows on contact with bedrock, has steep gradient, erosion that creates V-shaped steep valley, has diff erosion, and spills from lake to lake

middle

lower

upper

74.

1 point

deltas form distinctive landforms

True

False

75.

1 point

______ events do transport a lot of materials, but are _____

76.

1 point

what are the main characteristics of the middle course?

point bar

meander cut-offs; oxbow lakes

lateral migration

yazoo streams

alluvial plains

cut bank

natural leeves

artificial levees

77.

1 point

percolation is when water drains _________by gravity to lower levels

78.

1 point

in deltas, examples of distributaries are...

Nile river

Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers

Congo river

Missouri river

Amazon river

Mississippi river

Lena river

79.

1 point

centripetal are uniform rock resistance to weathering

True

False

80.

1 point

What are all of the drainage basins?

dendrtic, trellis, radial, centripetal, rectangular, deranged

area, interfluve, divide, tributary stream, mouth, main stream

area, divide, stream order, mouth, exterior, interior, base levels

ephemeral, intermittent, perennial, interception, infiltration

81.

1 point

_________ are hanging down and __________ are rising up

haystack hills, stalagmites

columns, stalactites

stalagmites, stalactites

stalactites, stalagmites

82.

1 point

___________ streams have flow year around and uses base flow (groundwater seeps into channels)

ephemeral

intermittent

perennial

83.

1 point

what is the most important process of this test? and what does it mean

84.

1 point

measurement of the extent of channelization

85.

1 point

evapotranspiration is also called what?

throughfall

stemflow

interception

infiltration

86.

1 point

________ exist before formation and _________ exist on newer rock

antecedent, superimposed

superimposed, antecedent

87.

1 point

temporary base level is resistant rock

True

False

88.

1 point

________ are multiple channels flowing out main stream, which helps direct flow and sediment to lake

point bar

cut bank

tributaries

distributaries

89.

1 point

upper course has ______ energy and lower course has ____ energy

high, low

less, more

more, less

low, high

90.

1 point

upper limit; varies with amount of pre, loss by outflow, and removal by pumping

water mining

perched water table

percolation

water table

91.

1 point

water flows _____ down steeper gradients and ______ in gentle gradients

92.

1 point

stream capacity is the _______ amount of load being moved by a _______

min, channel

min, stream

total, stream

total, channel

93.

1 point

Artesian System

water is under intense pressure and flows upward (above water table) and finds outlet

True

False

94.

1 point

solution works under surface that creates voids - land surface cave-ins is what?

valley sinks

uvalas

collapse sinkhole

solution sinkhole

95.

1 point

____________ not enough flow to reach ocean but stopped in low elevation (ex: Great Basin)

interior

exterior

superimposed

antecedent

96.

1 point

_________ due primarily from climate change (glaciers advancing, sea levels decrease)

base level change

stream terraces

new uplift

none of the above

97.

1 point

oxbow lakes remain filled with water

True

False

98.

1 point

groundwater seeping into streams; in humid regions; water table too deep

99.

1 point

flowing groundwater dissolve rock, creating connected passageways-water table may__________, leaving passageways above ________zone

rise, saturation zone

fall, water table zone

stay the same, aeration zone

fall, saturation zone

rise, water table zone

100.

1 point

_______ channel systems carry water to ocean

interior

antecedent

exterior

superimposed

101.

1 point

Stream gradient

drop in a stream elevation over a given downstream distance; m/km or ft/mi; water flows faster down steeper gradients; friction is 85%

drop in a stream elevation over a given downstream distance; m/km or ft/mi; water flows slower down steeper gradients; friction is 50%

drop in a stream elevation over a given downstream distance; m/km or ft/mi; water flows faster down steeper gradients; friction is 95%

drop in a stream elevation over a given downstream distance; m/km or ft/mi; water flows slower down steeper gradients; friction is 95%

102.

1 point

water always flows into rill and gullies

True

False

103.

1 point

Rectangular

the process of water soaking into the ground

True

False

104.

1 point

stream discharge is the amount of water flowing in stream

True

False

105.

1 point

sediment transport is an important geomorphic agent

True

False

106.

1 point

drainage basin is also know as watershed and catchment area

True

False

107.

1 point

valley sinks are

multiple sinkholes combining, also called uvalas, are funnel-shaped, are the most hazardous

multiple sinkholes combining, also called uvalas, along former underground water ways

multiple sinkholes combining, also called uvalas, steep-walled, evolve into "egg box" structures

multiple sinkholes combining, also called uvalas, creates closed depressions

108.

1 point

tributaries are larger streams that give their water and sediment to smaller streams

True

False

109.

1 point

what are Yazoo streams?

middle course, prevent tributaries from joining main stream and run parallel

lower course, prevent tributaries from joining main stream and run parallel

upper course, prevent tributaries from joining main stream and run parallel

110.

1 point

floodplain is not a flat area adjacent to a stream of river into which flood extend

True

False

111.

1 point

every stream has a _____ level, the elevation below which it _____ flow

stream, cannot

base, can

stream, can

base, cannot

112.

1 point

seeping of stream water into ground; in semiarid regions; streams only flow during and immediately after rain

113.

1 point

straight channels exist for _____ distances

long

don't exist at all

short

114.

1 point

inward flow towards low land and basin

centripetal

radial

trellis

rectangular

115.

1 point

stream load is sediment being transported by channel

True

False

116.

1 point

_________ streams are channels that are empty most of the time

intermittent

perennial

ephemeral

117.

1 point

what does 100 year flood mean?

1% chance

a flood that lasts 100 years

100% chance

a flood that comes every 100 years

118.

1 point

saltation are particles are heavier and bounce along stream bed

True

False

119.

1 point

_____ course flows moderately smooth channel and has a moderate gradient

middle

upper

lower

120.

1 point

when a plant can't hold anymore water, water drips from plant called __________ or runs down stem called ________

throughfall, stemfall

stemflow, throughfall

throughfall, stemflow

stemflow, throughflow

121.

1 point

What river is the largest drainage basin and the greatest discharge?

mississippi

congo

amazon

nile

122.

1 point

in base level change,

________: downcutting and rejuvenated stream
________: deposition

drop, rise

rise, drop

123.

1 point

wells are artificial opening drilling below ________ to extract water

124.

1 point

antecedent streams exist before formation of mts, maintain course by cutting valleys, while nearby relief is increased

True

False

125.

1 point

series of porous and leaky layers of rock that store and transmit water in sandstones, limestones, or deposites of loose sand

karst

perched water table

aquiclude

aquifer

126.

1 point

Artesian spring

natural outflow of an artesian system to surface

True

False

127.

1 point

suspension are minerals dissolved in water

True

False

128.

1 point

wells

lead to lowering of water table and land subsidence
reduction of groundwater-rate of removal exceeds rate to recharge

True

False

129.

1 point

Infiltration

water found beneath surface

surface water soaking into the ground; recharges amount of water in subsurface locations; water drains downwards by gravity to lower levels

surface water soaking into the ground; recharges amount of water in subsurface locations; source is precipitation, meltwater and surface water

taking more water out of an aquifer by pumping than being replaced by natural ways in same time period

130.

1 point

interception

delay arriving at ground surface, by pre - strikes vegetation; evapotranspiration

True

False

131.

1 point

Superimposed streams

erosion resistant knob of bedrock

existed on newer rock layers and eroded down to superimpose itself on rock layers below

fine grained bed of an ephemeral lake located in interior drainage basins and surrounded by elevated topography

a stream flowing into a large body of water; current expands in width, reducing velocity; sediment may begin to settle out distinctive landforms, a delta forms; slow going process; distributaries

132.

1 point

drainage patterns are spatial patterns of streams and their tributaries

True

False

133.

1 point

in deltas, the current expands in ______, reducing flow of ________

width, velocity

length, velocity

length, energy

width, energy

134.

1 point

what are the streams as geomorphic agents and in order?

135.

1 point

what recharges amount of water in all subsurface locations?

interfluve

interception

intermittent

infiltration

136.

1 point

drainage patterns are also called _________ patterns

runoff

density

flood

stream

base level

basin

137.

1 point

superimposed streams

exist before formation of mts, maintain course by cutting valleys, while nearby relief increased

exist before formation of mts, maintain course by cutting valleys, while nearby relief decreased

exist on newer rock layers and eroded down to lay over itself on rock layers below

exist on newer rock layers and eroded up to lay under itself on rock layers below

138.

1 point

meandering channels

in semiarid climates; swing back and forth across valleys

in humid climates; swing back and forth across valleys

in arid climates; swing back and forth across valleys

in dry climates; swing back and forth across valleys

139.

1 point

overall what are the 3 main types of drainage

basin

channels

areas

streams

patterns

flow

density

140.

1 point

trunk stream is a larger channelized stream

True

False

141.

1 point

lower course has a moderately smooth channel

True

False

142.

1 point

irregularities (due to large rocks and vegetation sticking up into the flow) decreases energy by frictional effects

channel roughness

stream load

capacity

competence

none of the above

143.

1 point

_______ weak rocks btw resistance rocks

trellis

dendritic

radial

centripetal

144.

1 point

the mouth is at downstream end

True

False

145.

1 point

_______ is a stream flowing into a large body of water

cut bank

deltas

point bar

distributaries

146.

1 point

Mississippi river is 10th order

True

False

147.

1 point

solution

finest solid particles carried

particles heavier and bounce along stream bed

minerals dissolved in water

rolling materials along bottom

148.

1 point

radial patterns emit away from elevated point

True

False

149.

1 point

what are the base levels?

ultimate, regional, temporary

trellis, radial, regional

ultimate, interior, exterior

temporary, ultimate, dendritic

150.

1 point

surface runoff is

when streams exceed bankfull flow

water flowing under surface of earth

direct pre runoff

water flowing over surface of earth

151.

1 point

Oxbow Lake

upper course

lower course

middle and upper courses

none of the above

152.

1 point

______ finest solid particles carried long distances

suspension

saltation

solution

traction

153.

1 point

Groundwater is water found beneath the surface and ______

3% of earths water is fresh

some water resources are irreplaceable

most water is from atmospheric processes

all of the above

none of the above

154.

1 point

Artesian well

artificial outlet to surface

True

False

155.

1 point

T or F and if F then fill in the blank with the correct answer

in artesian systems, the only outlets are wells and springs

156.

1 point

what are the main characteristics of the lower course?

meander cut-offs; oxbow lakes

yazoo streams

artificial levees

cut bank

point bar

lateral migration

alluvial plains

natural levees

157.

1 point

solution sinkhole is solution works at surface and dissolved rock removed by infiltration

True

False

158.

1 point

sea level is the ultimate base level for all streams

True

False

159.

1 point

what are the 4 stream transportation's?

solution, gradient, traction, suspension

traction, suspension, solution, competence

solution, suspension, saltation, traction

160.

1 point

what course has minimal gradient, low stream energy, lateral shift of channel, and large depositional plain

upper

lower

middle

161.

1 point

water reacts with limestone to create weak carbonic acid-eats and dissolves limestone creating macropores describes what?

162.

1 point

in stream discharge, what depends on for the drainage basin?

length, size, climate, rock type, land and water use

size, relief, climate, vegetation, rock type, land use

size, relief, climate, vegetation, rock type, water use

size, climate, vegetation, rock type, land use