Geography chapter 19

A glacier is a large mass of ice that flow as a

Plastic solids are solid materials that change shape when put under stress

When a glacier moves as a plastic solid the deformation is NOT retained after the stress is relieved.

Transformation from frozen precipitation to glacial ice is accomplished through ......

Glacial Ablation refers to growth

Accumulation refers to the addition of frozen water to a glacier.. this is most common in _______

Ablation refers to the removal of frozen water mass from a glacier, it is most common during ______

The summer temperature can be too high for very long for annual accumulation exceed annual ablation.

In tropical regions glacial formation is possible due to orographic lifting and altitude-temperature relationship.

_______ is a form of glacial ice loss, occurs when a glacier loses large chunks of ice that break away as icebergs that float in the ocean or large lake.

Glaciers may store water as ice for hundreds or even hundreds of thousands of years before it is released as melt water.

______ exist where the precipitation and temperature conditions required for glacier formation result from high elevation. These ice masses flow down slope because of their own weight, that is, due to the force of gravity. This is location in mountainous regions due to climatic conditions resulting in high elevation

These glaciers are much larger and thicker than Alpine Glaciers. They exist due to climatic conditions resulting fro high latitude.These glaciers have the same plucking and abrasion process as Alpine glaciers, but on a much larger scale.

Temperate glaciers have melt water at their base that reduces friction; glacier "slides" downhill when friction cannot withstand gravity (liquid water running along the base) describes what

________ at the top of a glacier moves by being carried by lower-level ice; Ice cracks often develop when a glacier flows over a sharp change in topographic slope.

Basal sliding = uniform movement; Internal plastic flow = differential movement

Glaciers are NOT Geomorphic agents

A glaciers energy, and thus their ability to do geomorphic work is due to its ______ mass

______ is the process by which moving ice freezes onto loosened rocks and sediments; incorporating them into the flow.

A bond between ice and rock is stronger than the force and can pluck the rock and take it.

Using entrained rock particles to scrape and gouge out more rock material describes __________

Valley, cirque, and piedmont Glaciers are all _______ Glaciers

_____ glaciers are confined by topography; ______ glaciers dominate underlying topography.

Alpine glaciers have high latitude

________ are linear scratches made as a glacier moves bedrock, and gouges out parallel to glacial flow. This also indicates direction of flow.

____ is asymmetric bedrock hills that are smoothly rounded on up-ice side, with plucking evident on down-ice side

A tarn (also know as a _______) is a mountain lake in a glacial cirque; formed when cirque glaciers disappear

An ARETE is a jagged, sawtooth spine or wall of rock separating 2 expanding cirque basins. An arete is found in between two cirques; linear ridges

A _____ is a pyramid-like peak created when 3 or more cirques grow together. For example the Matterhorn in the Swiss Alps

A _____ is a passage created between 2 mountain valleys; low saddle-lie feature in a mountain ridge or arete; formed by head ward erosion of cirque glaciers. (eroded into the ridge between 2 valleys)

A glacial through is a u-shaped valley carved by a glacier. It has equal force on the sides and bottom of glacier

Paternoster lakes are found in U shaped valley. Chains of lakes connected by a post-glacial stream.

a _____ is a glacial through along a coastline that is invaded by the sea after the glacier is gone. (this is where the U-shape valley runs down to the coast line)

A hanging valley is NOT a tributary glacial through that enters a main valley at a level high above the main valley floor

_______ is A broad area of low relief covered by glacial deposits

Outwash plains a fan shape.

A kettle is a depression formed by the melting of an ice block buried in glacial deposits left by retreating ice sheets/caps; located in outwash plains. These are chaotically spread across land.

______ is fluvial derived from glacial melt water streams; found beyond the terminal moraine; larger sediment deposited first, followed by progressively finer sediment

______ is an elongated hill composed of a glacial drift; gentle slope is in the direction of glacial flow; typically clustered together.

If the Volcanic eruption is large is it has a cooling effect

Erratics are LARGE glacially transported boulders deposited ina region with different bedrock

_____ are ofter found in depression within continental glacier deposits and in depressions created by glacial erosion