Pulmonology Test 1

The lung is elastic and returns actively to its pre-expiratory volume.

Pulmonary fibrosis inhibits normal gaseous diffusion by causing a thickening of which layer of the capillary/alveoli interface?

Which of the following are components of the upper respiratory system?

Place these growth factors in the correct order of their release:
I. FGF-10
II. VEGF
III. TGF-B
IV. BMP-4 & Shh

Which lung volume is NOT measured directly on a spirograph?

While conducting a lung transplant, a surgeon is subsequently sued for malpractice when his/her patient dies. Which of the following is NOT a likely cause for the lawsuit?

If a small change in pressure creates a large change in lung volume, the lung is said to be...

Which of the following is NOT a normal function of the lungs?

Each red blood cell spends approximately how long in bronchial circulation?

Respiratory vasculature begins to develop during which stage of human lung development?

Which adult tissue does NOT derive from the embryonic foregut?

Decreasing the thickness of alveolar epithelium will decrease the volume of gas which diffuses across the alveolary/capillary interface.

Lung bud mesenchyme secretes which of the following factors?

Which gas(ses) is/are measured using Fowler's method to calculate anatomic dead space?
I: Oxygen
II: Nitrogen
III: Helium
IV: CO2

There are how many bifurcations of the esophageal duct system before birth?

True or False: The surface area of the lungs greatly increases after birth.

Which of the following CAN be directly measured via spirometry?

Which structure separates the upper and lower respiratory systems?

Which method is the most accurate for measuring total lung capacity?

Which growth factor is responsible for the secretion of extracellular matrix molecules (e.g. fibronectin and collagens I, III, IV)?

The functionality of embryonic lung tissue is determined by which type of precursor tissue?

Which of the following do NOT have cartilage?

A ventilated patient doubles their tidal volume. What is the new percentage of CO2 in the exhaled air? (Original is PCO2)

Which generations of airway divisions are part of the respiratory acinus?

A patient is put on a ventilator in the hospital and you measure a normal CO2 output. When you return from a quick nap in the resident break room, an alarm has gone off indicating dangerous CO2 levels. What could be a cause for this change?
I: Your patient has entered a hypermetabolic state
II: Your patient has entered cardiac arrest and stopped breathing
III: A pulmonary embolism has blocked more of her diseased lung
IV: She is simply sleeping and has slowed her respiratory rate

Place these animals in order of completion of lung development from earliest to latest:
I: Humans
II: Monkeys
III: Rats
IV: Ferrets

The five lobes of the two lungs are first identifiable during which stage of human lung development?

True or False: A large number of bronchioles develop after birth.

Aberrant connections between the airways and the digestive tube are termed ___________.

Lung bud epithelium secretes which of the following factors?

Place the stages of exhalation in the correct order:
I: Diffusion
II: Circulation
III: Ventilation

The digestive tract and respiratory system are derivatives of which embryological structure?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

A ventilated patient has their respiratory rate doubled. What is the new percentage of CO2 in the exhaled air? (Original is PCO2)

Place these stages of lung development in the correct order:
I. Canalicular
II. Pseudoglandular
III. Embryonic
IV. Alveolar
V. Saccular

The atmospheric pressure at the top of Mount Everest is approximately 1/3 of that at sea level (SL=760 mmHg). Assuming that the tracheal water vapor pressure and blood levels of CO2 are normal, what should the concentration of oxygen be in a climber's tank to maintain a normal partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of 100 mmHg?

Which lung structure is NOT part of the respiratory conductive system?

Surfactant is first secreted during which stage of human lung development?

Type II pneumocytes account for 10% of the pulmonary surface area.

The gut tube is formed during the _______ week of gestation.