world history

it was the first to rule over far-flung lands and diverse peoples

it conquered the entirety of Mesopotamia, which had not yet been don

it was on cohesive group of people

it left the most complete written history of a civilization of that time period

its use of iron technology was the most sophisticated for the time

christianity

democracy

the Jewish diaspora

confucianism

hellenism

continued existence as nomadic herdsmen while others formed settled communitites

belief in monotheism and a covenant with G-d

wealth of natural resources

ability to mount a successful resistance to the Neo-Assyrian Empire

location along the mediterranean sea and large involvement in trade

papyrus

pharaoh

semitic

pyramids

cuneiform

widespread use of inscriptions on monuments

more efficient record keeping by the bureaucrats

the creation of instruction manual for technical subjects

creation of written literature that told tales of adventure, love and magic

dramatic increase in literacy among the working class

share its wealth with neighboring regions

fund all of the vast expenses of the empire

hoard wealth and highlight its power over its neighbors

oppress women and the poor within the empire

promote conversion to zoroastrianism

both Judaism and christianity are monotheistic

Both religions originated in modern-day Israel and Palestine

Christians see Jesus as the Messiah wile Jews await the Messiah

Jews received better treatment than Christians while under roman rule

the Hebrew torah is also part of the Christian Bible

a democratic form of government that the greeks used as a model for their system

an alphabetic symbol of writing that used symbols for sounds instead of for whole words

a new approach to knowledge that challenged existing modes of thought and is the basis for existing Western philosophy

a model for creating a trade-based civilization that would be followed by subsequent groups in the region

developments in naval technology that enabled the phoenicians to fend off persian advances into the mediterranean

iron

step pyramids

ceramics

cuneiform

terrace farming

they all originated in areas rich with natural resources

they all ocnsquered major icties and trade routes of the region

they all institutede a centralized administration

each overlapped with the early river valley civilizations in mesopotamia and egypt

each empire bordered the mediterranean sea

add additional subjects to their empire, thereby increasing their exposure to new and innovative methods of bureaucratic management

spread their overgrown population throughout hte empire, thereby avoiding starvation due to overpopulation in the core area

increase their supply of human sacrifices, thought to be needed to please the chief Assyrian god, Ashur

provide human capital to the public works projects throughout the empire while simultaneously easing the threat of ethnic rebellions

increase the level of trade efficiency throughout their expanding empire

it was patriarchal and organized around the family

the majority of the population lived in an urban setting

the popularity of buddhism erased the strong, rigid social structure

its commitment to gender equality amde it unique for its time

confucianism had little role in the government or social settings

the discovery of salt deposits along hte coast of east africa

the egyptian invasion of Nubia

the discovery of new water sourcesi nthe region

the regular flood patterns of the Nile River

the domestication of the camel

large scale conversion to christianity

inflation and poor economic decisions by emperors

the invasion of germanic tribes deep into the empire

disruption of large scale, long distance trade

frequent changes in rulers

kush

confucianism

durids

yin-yang

the zhou period of china

exiling the priests

expanding trade into the northern mediterranean

making the king a divine being

returning the capital to thebes

making a truce with the Hittites

the eladers of both relied on loyal local officials, who could exercise some level of autonomy

neither empire had an answer for the superior tactics and technology of the romans, who eventually conquered their lands

both empires valued greek culture and helped spread it fro mteh medierranean to south asia

both were democratic empires that gave avoice to all free, land owning males

both empires benefittted from long distance trade with asia and sub saharan africa

written records

archaeology

a dramatic reduction in the gap between rich and poor

an increase in the reliance on slave labor

efficient and profitable trade because of the safety and stability of roman rule

the spread of the latin language throughout the entire mediterranean region

that land was divided more evenly among the people of the empire than in previous times

the extensive roadds of the persian and roman empires

the presence of pyramids in egypt and ziggaruts in mesopotamia

the limited democracy of athens

the presence of greek architecture in the middle east

alexander the great's military strategy for expansion

nature had a minimal influence and role in religion

pharaoh's control of wealth left priests with little power or influence

there was no connection between religion and politics

female deities and priestesses reflected a level of respect for women

early egypt was polytheistic until it adopted monotheism from nubia

the best way to understand complex issues like justice is to engage in a dialogue in which teh questions and answers will lead to deeper understanding

for a democracy to function, the right to participate must be extended to all members of society

people have natural rights, and therefore it is immoral to enslave another human being

earth, air, and fire are the key elemtns of the world and serve as building blocks for nature

in order to ensure a bountiful harvest, it is vital to make sacrifices to the gods and goddesses

for over 100 years the greeks and persians were at war

the greek city states wre absorbed into the persian empire and adopted that culture

they did not have a relationship because the two empire sdid not coexist

they were allied against the rising power of the assyrians

their relationship was based exclusively on trade

spartan ships that wre modeled on the athenian navy

excavation of roman walls and roads in england

evidence of pottery from han china reaching the middle east

the incorporation of greek style art into an egyptina cameo piece

imitations of persian architecture at persepolis found in present day turkey

long range nautical vessels

mathematics

political hierarchy

dry farming

written record

more nation-building endeavors like fortification-building and bureaucratic streamliningw

more efficient agricultural production and practices

a greater sense of accomplishment among individual warlords, leading to a fragmented political authority

new and more effective methods of warfare

the introduction of new schools of thought

the middle east

south asia

central asia

mesoamerica

east africa

christinas were persecuted by the romans because upper class christians undermined the empire's economic strength as they abandoned their role in the bureaucracy for jobs as priests and bishops

early converts were persecuted because their belief in monotheism did not fit with the prevailing expectation of emperor worhsip

constantine's oppression of early christians set the standard that subsequent emperors would follow

christianity gained little notice in the roman empire because it emerged and spread largely in regions outside of roman control

early christians were welcomed by roman rulers, who saw them as an additional source of support for the fledgling roman empire

located on the island of crete, the minoans had far greater access to the mediterranean and as a result were more economically and politically influential than the Mycenaeans

minoan and Mycenaean societies relied heavily on trade, and thus had close economic and political ties to their neighbors around the Mediterranean

minoan and mycenaean civilizations frequently clashed as they competed for limited resources and trading partners

minoan and mycenaean homelands had vast natural resources and could follow an isolationist foeign policy

because of the authoritarian nature of their government, minoans were more aggressive economically and politically than the isolated Mycenaeans

palestine, assyria, napata

assyria, palestine, napata

sumeria, palestine, thebes

assyria, egypt, napata

assyria, palestine, memphis

natural resources were widely available and enabled Egypt to be self sufficient

while some resources were available, egypt depended greatly on long-distance trade to meet most of its basic needs

the arid climate of the region made survival a challenge for Egyptians

the harsh nature of the region prevented the establishment of an agricultural foundation

the unpredictable nature of the Nile River made transportation, trade, and agriculture a challenge

they were encouraged to exercise and were allowed to be seen in public

most women had some form of formal education and were given opportunities to use it outside of the home

husbands and wives were equals before the law and spent considerable time with each other

they were expected t obear and raise strong children who would serve as the basis of the professionalmilitary

women were isolated in the homes and were given very few legal rights

employ military might, state terrorism, and proaganda to intimidate their subjects

develop an effective system of political control

undergo countless campaigns into surrounding territory to expand their land, wealth, and power

preserved and added to the long intellectual and scientific legacy of Mesopotamian civilization

funnel wealth away from the conquered periphery territories and back to the capital center

iron tools, conquests, Julius Caesar

written language, written records, Julius Caesar

written records, written language, Julius Caesar

sedentary agriculture, civilization, Julius Caesar

domesticated animals, pack animals, William Wallace

the polis system arose because of a large population increase, probably caused by more effective farming

each polis consisted of an urban cetner and the surrounding rural territory

all city states were ruled by tyrants, as this was the only reasonably effective means of governing a large, diverse population

each polis was fiercely independent ,and as a result they often fought with each other to preserve their autonomy

most urban centers were designed in similar fashion so as to meet the political and security needs of the people

hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, sedentary agriculture, surplus, class specialization, political hierarchy

hunter gatherers, pastoralists, surplus, sedentary agriculture, class specialization, political hierarchy

hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, sedentary agriculture, surplus, political hierarchy, class specialization

both had a senate that advised kings and officials

outsiders were quickly granted citizenship and afforded respect

both resembled modern western democracies

slaves made up the majority of the populations

both were dominated by wealthy males

contained no scribes

was responsible for making coins

maintained a high level of control over the economy

recorded daily events

maintained no financial records

the condition of women varied depending on the community

women enjoyed freedom of movement and speech

women were confined to the home and had few rights

women could own slaves and inherit property but had little say in marriage

women were equal participants in Greek democracy

key ideas such as monotheism and hte Messiah were later adopted by Judaism and Christianity (they believed)

it empowered the poor to rise up against the king and caused chaos within the empire

it provided a rigid social structure in which one's life was dictated by gender, age, and occupation

it enabled the persians to fend off the growing power of the greeks

it promoted the rights of women and the idea that marriage was a partnership

the ruling issued by the Qin nobles that pabed the way for the Warring states period in china

confucious' idea that all should obey the current ruler

a legalist perspective oulining hte preeminnce of the emporer

the idea that the emporer's rule in mandated by the gods

the mandate issued by lord shang that made his ascension to the throne possible

women were not allowed to own property

women lacked rights, as they were viewed as children by the legal system

much of what is known about roman women comes from evidence from the upper class

women played very little role in public life

Moses

Jericho

Solomon

David

Sargon

status distinction based on the accumulation of wealth

a professional, well trained military arm

a system for keeping permanent records

monumental building

long-distance trade

sailing on a ship

land bridge

advanced military weapons and techniques that came from europe

their massive army to deport individuals and instill fear in the local population

an ideology that effectively combined legalism and daoism

a system that channeled wealth from the center to the periphery

local leaders that studied confuscianism at national universities

nubians invaded egypt, and thus later kingdoms were ruled exclusively by ousiders

egyptian civilization moved away from the Nile River

egypt's power and role in the region decreased dramatically

egypt undertook economically motivated expansion

egypt turned inward economically and ceased long-distance trade

used terror and mass deportation to prevent uprisings

divided the empire into provinces run by governors

controlled all aspects of life from his capital city

imposed persian traditions andcustoms on all subjects

instituted a limited democracy

ma'at

the paleolithic era

the stone age

the neolithic era

the old kingdom era of egypt

power was shared among the people through direct democracy, although women and slaves had few rights

power rested in one, all pwerful elader whose legitimacy came from military success and conquest of new terriroty

land was the basis of wealth, and agriculture was the essential economic activity

wealth was divided equally among citizens, and political power resided in many assemblies where all voices in the decision making process were equal

power was centered in the senate, where select male citizens made foreign and domestic policies