Renal 4: Sodium Reabsorption and Regulation of ECF

1.

1 point

"Aldosterone escape" refers to a change in ....

response of principal cells to aldosterone

peritubular forces

renin secretion

hydrostatic pressure at glomerular capillaries

2.

1 point

Which of the following hormones directly stimulate the thirst response?

Aldosterone

ADH

ANP

Renin

Angiotensin II

3.

1 point

True or False: Sweat tastes salty because it contains a higher concentration of sodium than the blood.

True

False

4.

1 point

Hydrocholrthiazide (a diuretic drug) would affect sodium transport in which section of the nephron?

Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

Collecting duct

Proximal tubule

Distal tubule

5.

1 point

After infusing a rat with large, but non-lethal volume of isotonic saline, which of the following would you expect to be elevated in the kidney?

Medullary blood flow

Prostaglandins

Renin

Intrarenal Angiotensin

Kallikreins

6.

1 point

Which three solutes move through the luminal wall in the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Water

K+

Urea

Na+

Ca2+

Cl-

7.

1 point

Which of the following factors do NOT stimulate ADH secretion?

Hyperosmolality

Morphine

Nausea

Ethanol

Pregnancy

8.

1 point

A drug/poison that deactivated carbonic anhydrase in the cytosol of proximal tubule cells would have what effect on sodium in the urine?

Can't tell

Decrease

Increase

No effect

9.

1 point

In which segments of the uriniferous tubule would you expect the fluid to be hypoosmotic compared to PLASMA?

Distal tubule

Thin descending loop

Bowman's space

Thin ascending loop

Thick ascending loop

Proximal tubule

10.

1 point

The concentration of chloride in the tubular fluid of the S3 segment of the proximal tubule is ______ of the S2 segment.

greater to that

equal to that

cannot be determined

less than that of

11.

1 point

Which of the following does NOT occur in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

paracellular diffusion of Na from lumen to interstitium

active transport of ammonium from lumen to cell

active transport of Na from cell to interstitium

passive diffusion of K from cell to lumen

active transport of Na from lumen to cell

passive diffusion of Cl from interstitium to cell

12.

1 point

Which of the following transporters use primary active transport in the proximal tubule?

Na/K antiporter

N/H antiporter

Na/Glu symporter

NKCC2 symporter

Ca-ATPase

13.

1 point

Which segment of the nephron absorbs the most sodium?

Medullary collecting tubule

Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Cortical collecting tubule

14.

1 point

Which of the following would NOT stimulate aldosterone secretion?

Hyponatremia

Acidemia

Infusion of isotonic saline

Sympathetic renal stimulation

Elevated angiotensin II

15.

1 point

Vasopressin is produced in the...

Kidney

Supraoptic nucleus

Liver

Posterior pituitary

Adrenal gland

16.

1 point

Given an average GFR across BOTH kidneys of 100 ml/min, calculate the tubular filtration rate of a single nephron at the end of the proximal tubule.

100 nl/min

50 nl/min

67 nl/min

17 nl/min

Cannot be determined from the data given

17.

1 point

A new patient arrives in your office and tells you he was diagnosed with diabetes insipidus and has not taken any medications since he recently moved. What symptoms would expect this patient to report?

Elevated ANP

Hypernatremia

Polyuria

Dehydration

Polydipsia

Glucosuria

18.

1 point

In which situation would you expect an increase in ADH, but a decrease in the the RAA system?

A patient in the ER with a gunshot wound and massive blood loss

A student chugged an entire bottle of soy sauce

The winner of a water drinking contest

A patient with diabetes insipidus

A nurse infused a patient with 1L 300mOsm saline

19.

1 point

ADH is known to increase the permeability of the collecting tubule to H2O and what other substance?

Sodium

Urea

Potassium

Bicarbonate

Chloride

20.

1 point

Aldosterone does NOT affect which of the following mechanisms of Na reabsorption?

luminal Na channels

luminal H+ ATPase

luminal K+ leak channels

luminal Na/K ATPase