Chapter 15 (PART 1)

What are relatively stable organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavior tendencies directed toward something or someone?

What is the process by which others individually or collectively affect one's perceptions, attitudes, and actions?

Before speaking or acting, low self-monitors observe the situation for cues about how they should react. Then try to meet those "demands" rather than behave according to their own beliefs or sentiments. In contrast, high-self monitors express and act on their attitudes with great consistency, showing little regard for situational clues or constraints.



Answer on page 571

Schemata serve all the following functions EXCEPT

___________ can powerfully influence the conclusions we reach about a person's character.

Bill is interviewing an African American female and assumes that the only reason she was able to get a PhD from harvard was because she was part of the affirmative action program. Bill's attribution is known as what

Martha has a rigid view of african americans and she believes that all members of this group share a negative quality of taking advantage of the welfare system. Martha most likely has

People who rate highly on ___________ are especially likely to override their attitudes to behave in accordance with other's expectations.

According to the __________________, we tend to like people who make us feel rewarded and appreciated.

All of these are the components of prejudice EXCEPT

When you are first getting to know someone, you are likely to communicate about safe superficial topics such as the weather or sports. As you get to know each other better over time, your conversation progresses to more personal subjects. This is known as what/

All these are ways to reduce prejudice and its expression EXCEPT

Jenny was recently fired, and her co-workers assumed that she probably deserved it. The assumption made by the co-workers is represented by________

The most critical factors in changing attitudes- and the most difficult to control - have to do with________

_______ argued that a simple or "naive" explanation for a given behavior attributes that behavior to either external or internal causes, but not both

______________ are needs or skills that complete or balance each other. (For example: a person who likes to care for and fuss over others will be most compatible with a mate who enjoys receiving such attention.)

Bob believes that his race is of highest intelligence and that intelligence, industry, morality, and other valued traits are biologically determined and cannot be changed. What view is he expressing?

The belief that african american people eat watermelon, fried chicken, and drink kool-aid is a________

Lucy believes she is a considerate and loyal friend but the day before she told some juicy gossip about her best friend. What is this phenomenon known as?

Prejudice is a behavior and discrimination is an attitude.


Answer on page 572

When we know that someone shares our attitudes and interests, we tend to have more positive feelings toward that person. This is known as what?

Research also suggests that we can train ourselves to be more "mindful" of people who differ from us through__________

The communication model of persuasion spotlights four key elements to achieve these goals, all of these are included EXCEPT

The first step in persuasion is to seize and retain the audience's attention.

Jane endures verbal abuse from her mother. Her mother constantly calls her stupid and fat. Jane starts to slip up in school and starts eating uncontrollably. Jane is exhibiting what?

Harold Kelley said we rely on three kinds of information about behavior in determining its cause, which includes of all these EXCEPT

Bob made a bad first impression on john, and now john refuses to believe that John has good qualities, despite the evidence disputing that fact.

When rewards are large, dissonance is small, if it happens at all. However, if the reward is small, just barely enough to induce behavior that conflicts with one's attitude, dissonance will be great, maximizing the chances for attitude change

The reward theory of attraction is based on the concept of ____________

You see John walking across the room with a lot of items in his hand and then he spills everything on the ground. Your assumption is that John is clumsy. What explains your assumption of an internal factor.

__________ is usually the most important factor in determining attraction.

The supreme court decision in Brown v Board of education of topeka kansas which mandated that public schools become racially integrated was reducing prejudice through what method?

According to Fritz Heider, we usually attribute behavior to

What is tendency to explain the behavior of others as caused by internal factors and the corresponding tendency to attribute one's own behavior to an external forces.

When we _________, we try to expand our schema for a particular group, say by viewing people from different races or genders as sharing similar qualities.

The fact that teachers were warmer and friendlier to high-expectancy children, provided them with positive feedback, and assigned them more challenging tasks, which enabled those children to demonstrate competence is known as what

_________ refers to people's shared ideas, beliefs, values, technologies, and criteria for evaluating what natural events, human actions, and life itself means.

Aronson's ______________ theory of attraction suggests that increases in rewarding behavior influence attractiveness more than the constant rewarding behavior does.

Adorno and his colleagues linked prejudice to a complex cluster of personality traits called _____________. (where an individual looks at the world through a lens of rigid categories, they are cynical about human nature, fearing, suspecting, and rejecting all groups other than those to which they belong.

According to the ___________ theory, prejudice is the result of the frustrations experienced by the prejudiced group. (For example, african americans in the US have been scapegoats for the economic frustrations of some lower-income white americans who feel powerless to improve their own conditions.

Jane bumps into bob at the grocery store. Jane says hi, but Bob barely acknowledges her and walks away quickly. Jane assumes she's done something to offend Bob. Jane's assumption is closely related to the__________

In the final analysis, the most effective means of changing attitudes - especially important attitudes, behaviors, or lifestyle choices - may be ________

Most of our basic attitudes derive from early, direct personal experience.

What is a set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience and is presumed to apply to all members of that category?

Joe attributes his high score on the SAT as an accurate depiction of his abilities, but when he failed the ACT he thought the exam didn't accurately represent his abilities

An in-group is any group of people who feel a sense of solidarity and exclusivity in relation to nonmembers. An out-group, in contrast, is a group of people who are outside this boundary and viewed as competitors, enemies, or different and unworthy of respect.

It has been found that attraction and the tendency to like someone else are closely linked to such factors as all these EXCEPT

All of these affect attitude formation EXCEPT

Martha is walking down the street. She is wearing a white lab coat and has a stethoscope around her neck, we might categorize her as a _________

Which of the four elements of the communication model is most important when we are not inclined to pay attention to the message itself