Exam II

1.

1 point

The Hering-Breuer reflex

is a normal response to increased oxygen content in the blood

helps prevent overinflation of the lungs

has its sensory components in the sympathetic nerves

limits how much air a person can expire

causes erratic respirations

2.

1 point

When a person is transfused with the wrong blood type

the erythrocytes agglutinate

hemorrhaging occurs

the white cells clot

they bleed to death

fibrinogen is activated

3.

1 point

Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?

electrical stimulation of the heart

delivery of oxygen to tissue cells

maintenance of DNA content of egg cells

transport of neurotransmitters across synapses

transport of digestive enzymes to the small intestine

4.

1 point

A molecule of air enters the nose through the external nares. Which of the following is the pathway to the trachea?

nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, pharynx

oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea

nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea

nasopharynx, nasal cavity, laryngopharynx, trachea

5.

1 point

If the total pressure of a mixture of gases was 760 mm Hg and its composition is 20% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, 75% nitrogen, and 5% water vapor, then the partial pressure of oxygen would be

152 mm Hg

200 mm Hg

148 mm Hg

20 mm Hg

740 mm Hg

6.

1 point

Which of the following is mismatched?

iron deficiency anemia - lack of iron absorption for erythropoiesis

pernicious anemia - loss of blood from the body

hemolytic anemia - increased destruction of erythrocytes

aplastic anemia - bone marrow fails to produce erythrocytes

hemorrhagic anemia - loss of blood from the body

7.

1 point

Iron

is the binding site for carbon dioxide on the hemoglobin molecule.

interferes with the normal function of hemoglobin.

prevents carbon monoxide from binding to hemoglobin.

is needed to produce hemoglobin.

is a plasma coagulation factor.

8.

1 point

Which of the following is mismatched?

smokers - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

emphysema - destruction of the alveolar walls

cystic fibrosis - replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue

bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi

pulmonary fibrosis - loss of elastic recoil in the lung

9.

1 point

Most oxygen is carried in the blood ______; but most carbon dioxide is ________.

bound to hemoglobin; associated with bicarbonate ions

combined with albumin; associated with carbonic acid

bound to hemoglobin; bound to albumin

bound to plasma proteins; carried as carbon dioxide

dissolved in plasma; associated with salt or acid

10.

1 point

Each hemoglobin molecule

transports one oxygen molecule

has two iron atoms and two globin chains

has one heme group

contains two polypeptide chains

transports four oxygen molecules

11.

1 point

The chloride shift refers to the

effect of chloride ions on hydrogen ion diffusion from red blood cells.

exchange of chloride ions for bicarbonate ions across the red blood cell membrane.

exchange of chloride ions for hemoglobin across the RBC membrane.

exchange of chloride ions for carbon dioxide across alveolar cell membranes.

effect of chloride ions on the oxygen dissociation curve.

12.

1 point

The most numerous of the leukocytes is the

Eosinophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

Basophil

Neutrophil

13.

1 point

Air in the pleural cavity is called

pneumonia

pneumothorax

emphysema

forced expiration

respiratory distress syndrome

14.

1 point

The function of plasmin is to

activate factor XII

promote platelet plug formation

control osmotic pressure of blood

hydrolyze fibrin

promote the formation of plasma

15.

1 point

The diameter of bronchioles can change because their walls contain

smooth muscle

elastic cartilage

hyaline cartilage

fibrous cartilage

skeletal muscle

16.

1 point

The Bohr effect refers to the

physical laws governing the solubility of gases in fluids.

effect of pH on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.

chemical equilibrium between carbonic acid and bicarbonate in the blood

mechanism involved in diffusion of nitrogen into the blood.

effect of temperature on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

17.

1 point

Randolf was suffering from severe hepatitis. His skin appeared to be jaundiced. That color change was due to

decreased rate of globin breakdown

increased bilirubin in his circulatory system

increased globin in his circulatory system

increased globin in his circulatory system, increased bilirubin in his circulatory system and decreased rate of globin breakdown

increased heme in his circulatory system

18.

1 point

The trachea

collapses when not in use

is lined with keratinized squamous epithelium

is located in the pleural cavity

has "C" shaped cartilages that form its anterior and lateral sides

bifurcates to form the bronchioles

19.

1 point

When the antigens on erythrocytes bind with antibodies in the plasma,

coagulation occurs.

the antibodies dissolve

hemolysis of leukocytes may occur.

agglutination of erythrocytes occurs.

the blood group changes.

20.

1 point

Hemoglobin

is normally found in both the plasma and erythrocytes.

is only used once then decomposed

transports oxygen in the blood.

gives white blood cells their color.

catalyzes the reaction that forms carbonic acid.

21.

1 point

During exercise, the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

doesn't shift

shifts to the left

shifts to the right

22.

1 point

When a person develops a sore throat, white blood cells are drawn to the area of infection by a process called

chemotaxis

attraction

margination

ameboid movement

diapedesis

23.

1 point

Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence.
(1) prothrombin → thrombin
(2) fibrinogen → fibrin
(3) activation of factor XII
(4) formation of prothrombinase

4, 3, 1, 2

3, 2, 4, 1

2, 4, 3, 1

3, 4, 1, 2

1, 2, 3, 4

24.

1 point

In the extrinsic pathway, damaged tissues release

activated factor V

factor XII

calcium

tissue factor (TF)

factor VII

25.

1 point

During swallowing, the opening into the larynx is covered by the

epiglottis

cricoid cartilage

thyroid cartilage

arytenoid cartilage

the "Adam's apple"

26.

1 point

A person has severe damage or disease in the upper area of their right lung. Surgery is necessary. The doctor would need to remove

the apical, anterior, and posterior segments of the superior lobe

the entire right lung

the superior lobe of the right lung

the apical bronchopulmonary segment of the right lung

the apical, anterior, and posterior segments of the superior lobe

27.

1 point

The ring of cartilage that forms the base of the larynx is the

thyroid cartilage

arytenoid cartilage

cuneiform cartilage

epiglottis

cricoid cartilage

28.

1 point

Type AB blood

has both A and B antibodies in the plasma.

has both A and B antibodies on the red cells.

has both A and B antigens on the red cells.

has O antigens on the red cells.

has no antigens on the red cells.

29.

1 point

As temperature increases, how would this affect the oxyhemoglobin-dissociation curve?

shift it to the right

shift it to the left

no change

30.

1 point

Which of the following statements is true?

As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases

Constriction of bronchioles assists breathing

Pressure is directly proportional to volume

In expiration, the thoracic volume increases

31.

1 point

Mr. Huff and Puff exhales normally; then, using forced expiration, he exhales as much air as possible. The volume of air still remaining in his lungs is called

residual volume

expiratory reserve volume

vital capacity

inspiratory reserve volume

tidal volume

32.

1 point

If your son is diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have

an increased erythrocyte count.

an infection of the blood

a disorder of the clotting process

a type of cancer affecting white blood cells

an antigen-antibody reaction.

33.

1 point

A baby holding its breath will

automatically start to breathe when oxygen levels decrease slightly.

suffer heart damage because of increased pressure in the aorta.

have brain cells damaged because of low blood oxygen levels.

be termed a "blue baby"

automatically start to breathe when the CO2 levels in the blood reach a high enough value.

34.

1 point

During expiration, the alveolar pressure must be

Greater than atmospheric pressure

None of these choices are correct

greater than pleural pressure

less than the atmospheric pressure

Equal to atmospheric pressure

35.

1 point

The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is called

margination

exocytosis

chemotaxis

intrusion

diapedesis

36.

1 point

When air passes through the glottis, which structures vibrate to produce sound?

epiglottal cords

cricohyoid folds

vocal folds (cords)

thyroid folds

ventricular folds

37.

1 point

A hematocrit is

the number of WBCs per mm3.

the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood.

the amount of hemoglobin by weight in the blood.

the number of RBCs in the body.

an estimate of blood flow/hour.

38.

1 point

Mr. Jones has a blood pH of 7.00 and a temperature of 100.5°F. His oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve would

show no change, allowing the O2 concentration to remain stable.

shift to the left, allowing less O2 to be released to his cells.

shift to the right, causing more O2 to be released to his cells.

39.

1 point

Erythropoeitin

is produced by the red bone marrow.

inhibits the production of erythrocytes.

is a product of the kidney.

is found both in the plasma and inside red blood cells.

is produced in response to increased blood pressure.

40.

1 point

Mr. Smith moved from a low altitude to a high altitude and experienced an increase in RBCs. Which of the following caused this increase?

The lower oxygen concentration seen at higher altitudes

the lower temperature present at higher altitudes

the increased CO2 retention that occurs at high altitudes

The increased metabolic rate seen at higher altitudes

He exercised more

41.

1 point

When people aspirate liquids or food into their lungs, the liquid or food most commonly enters the right lung rather than the left lung. This is because the right primary bronchus is __________ than the left primary bronchus.

shorter

thinner

longer

more vertical

less ciliated

42.

1 point

A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with

type A or type B blood

type AB blood

type A blood

type B blood

type O blood

43.

1 point

Which of the following plasma proteins is most abundant?

Fibrinogen

Immunoglobulins

Hemoglobulin

Albumin

Globulins

44.

1 point

Ventilation refers to the

Respiration at the cellular level

Gas exchange between the blood and the tissues

Movement of air into and out of the lungs

Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood

45.

1 point

Surfactant facilitates alveolar ventilation by

decreasing the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli

decreasing thoracic compliance

attracting water to the alveolar surface

increasing the surface area for gas exchange

increases the surface tension between fluid and the alveoli

46.

1 point

Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function?

platelets - phagocytize bacteria

leukocytes - protect against disease

plasma proteins - maintain blood osmotic pressure; involved in clotting

erythrocytes - transport oxygen

monocytes - become macrophages

47.

1 point

Which of the following individuals will have the highest vital capacity?

a young, obese male

a middle-aged, short female

a well-trained athlete (male or female)

an 80-year-old male

an adult female

48.

1 point

Which of the following phrases is least likely to be used in describing erythrocytes?

cells can change shape

nucleus is centrally located

cytoplasm contains hemoglobin

biconcave cells

49.

1 point

Whenever people cry, their nose runs. This is because the ___ drain tears into the nose.

paranasal sinuses

Wharten's ducts

lacrimal glands

nasolacrimal ducts

auditory tube

50.

1 point

Heparin

is a potent anticoagulant

dissolves clots

is produced by eosinophils

promotes coagulation

blocks the action of factor X