Exam II-2

1.

1 point

The type of adaptive immunity that provides immediate protection against disease when there is no time for the person to develop their own immunity is called _____ immunity.

active immediate

passive artificial

active artificial

passive innate

active natural

2.

1 point

Positive selection of lymphocytes refers to the

production of antigen-specific antibodies.

processing of an antigen by a macrophage.

survival of pre-B and pre-T cells that are capable of an immune response.

replication of memory cells.

proliferation of natural killer cells

3.

1 point

In immunodeficiency diseases,

IgE mediates a localized reaction.

immune surveillance occurs.

serum sickness results.

inadequate B and/or T cell formation may occur.

the immune system fails to distinguish between self-antigens and foreign antigens.

4.

1 point

Which of the following is mismatched?

blood typing - determines ABO and Rh blood groups of a blood sample

hematocrit - percentage of total blood volume composed of RBCs

differential count - determines the percent of each kind of leukocyte in the blood

complete blood count - includes RBC and WBC counts

blood crossmatch - donor and recipient blood cells are mixed together

5.

1 point

In innate immunity

the second exposure does not produce a response.

each exposure produces the same response.

each exposure increases the strength of the immune response.

previous exposures are remembered.

each exposure is very specific.

6.

1 point

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

Serum is plasma without clotting factors

Serum has more agranulocytes in it

Plasma is serum without clotting factors

Plasma has more agranulocytes in it

7.

1 point

Which of the following is correctly matched?

IgA - found in saliva and tears

IgD - can cross the placenta

IgE - transfusion reactions

IgM - smallest of the antibodies

IgG - first to challenge the antigen

8.

1 point

An abnormal, exaggerated response of the immune system is called

excess immunity

tolerance

hypersensitivity

immunization

an innate immune response

9.

1 point

A protein that helps to protect the body against viral infections is

lysozyme

interferon

kinin

complement

histamine

10.

1 point

The type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a

mast cell

red blood cell

macrophage

memory cell

monocyte

11.

1 point

The redness and heat seen in an inflamed area are the result of

phagocyte mobilization.

increased blood flow to the area.

vasoconstriction

a reddish substance released by erythrocytes.

production of interferon.

12.

1 point

What are the most abundant agranulocytes?

Leukocytes

Lymphocytes

Neutrophils

Basophils

Monocytes

13.

1 point

The spleen

produces several different hormones with unknown function.

has additional digestive functions.

changes undifferentiated lymphocytes into competent lymphocytes.

is necessary for life. It can't be removed without causing death.

filters damaged red blood cells from the blood.

14.

1 point

Which of the following characteristics are most consistent with adaptive immunity?

constant response to each exposure

specificity

memory

increased response to second and subsequent exposures

B, C, D

15.

1 point

Which of the following organs does not contain lymphatic tissue?

liver

thymus

lingual tonsils

spleen

16.

1 point

Complement proteins

can form holes in the plasma membrane of target cells.

may cause the release of interferon.

are hormones found in the blood.

are on the surface of macrophages.

do not attract neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, or eosinophils.

17.

1 point

The breakdown of what component of red blood cells results in billirubin?

Hemoglobin

Heme

Globin

Plasma

18.

1 point

The thoracic duct drains lymph into the

right subclavian vein.

right internal jugular vein.

left subclavian artery.

left brachiocephalic vein.

left subclavian vein.

19.

1 point

Transplanted tissues and organs that contain _________ _________ are rejected by the body.

foreign antigens

plasma proteins

self antigens

auto antigens

foreign antibodies

20.

1 point

The HIV virus infects

suppressor T cells

monocytes

helper T cells

cytotoxic T cells

B cells

21.

1 point

Which of the following would be classified as an innate mechanical mechanism?

release of histamine

washing action of tears and saliva

activation of complement

inflammation

phagocytosis of invading organisms

22.

1 point

What is required for clot formation?

Vitamin D

Vitamin B6

Vitamin K

Vitamin C

Vitamin B12

23.

1 point

Natural Killer (NK) cells

are part of innate immunity.

promote inflammation

secrete enzymes that kill parasites.

are derived from B cells.

are a type of plasma cell.

24.

1 point

Histamine and leukotrienes are released from

phagocytes

basophils and mast cells.

eosinophils and basophils.

macrophages and microphages.

neutrophils and lymphocytes.

25.

1 point

Lymph movement is assisted by

compression of lymphatic vessels.

contraction of skeletal muscle.

pressure changes in the thorax during respiration.

contraction of smooth muscle in lymph vessel.

All of these choices are correct.

26.

1 point

Adenoids are enlarged

axillary lymph nodes

palatine tonsils

lingual tonsils

pharyngeal tonsils

cervical lymph nodes

27.

1 point

Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to

capillaries

arteries

venules

veins

arterioles

28.

1 point

____ are part of cell-mediated immunity while ____ are part of antibody-mediated immunity.

Macrophages, antibodies

Antibodies, antigens

T cells, B cells

B cells, NK cells

Neutrophils, monocytes

29.

1 point

Which of the following is usually the first cell type to leave the blood and enter infected tissues?

Neutrophil

Natural killer cell

Eosinophil

Monocyte

Lymphocyte

30.

1 point

The palatine tonsils

are located superior to the palate.

interfere with breathing when enlarged.

are located at the junction of the oral cavity and pharynx.

are really lymph nodes in disguise.

are located in the nasopharynx.

31.

1 point

Which of the following statements accurately describes the thymus gland?

The thymus gland is larger in infants than in adults.

The thymus increases in size with aging

The thymus gland contains many reticular fibers.

The thymus gland lacks a capsule.

Lymphocytes are found only in the medulla of the thymus gland.

32.

1 point

What do we mean by blood-cross match?

The donor's blood cells are mixed with the recipient serum, and the donor's serum is mixed with the recipient's cells.

Donor and recipient blood cells are mixed together.

Donor's blood is tested and no need to test recipients blood if known

33.

1 point

The key signs of inflammation include all of the following except

jaundice

pain

swelling

redness

heat

34.

1 point

Bean-shaped lymphatic organs found along lymphatic vessels are called

trabeculae

lymph nodules

lymph nodes

medullary cords

35.

1 point

Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?

transport of neurotransmitters across synapses

electrical stimulation of the heart

maintenance of DNA content of egg cells

transport of digestive enzymes to the small intestine

delivery of oxygen to tissue cells

36.

1 point

A woman has her right breast and right axillary lymph nodes removed. Which of the following might occur?

Lymph drainage would be affected in both legs.

Right lymphatic duct drainage decreases causing edema in the right arm.

The thoracic duct would be severed.

Cisterna chyli flow increases.

Lymph drainage would be affected in her left arm.

37.

1 point

The MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I molecules

do not attach to plasma membranes

allow the immune system to respond to antigens inside cells

are only found on B cells

are found in the nucleus of cells

are lipoproteins on cell surfaces

38.

1 point

A lysozyme is

an antigen

a type of antibody that attracts a phagocyte.

a cytokine produced by T cells.

an enzyme found in body fluids that destroys certain bacteria.

a bacteria

39.

1 point

Increased secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) by the kidneys results in what?

Increased Rh factor (D-antigen)

Decreased levels of serum and plasma

Increased white blood cell production in red bone marrow

Increased red blood cell production in red bone marrow

40.

1 point

What do erythrocytes transport?

Oxygen to the heart

Carbon dioxide to the blood

Oxygen to the lungs and carbon dioxide to the tissues

Oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs

41.

1 point

Lacteals are

lymphatic vessels in the lining of the small intestine

a type of lymphocyte

a nonspecific defense

the sinuses inside a lymph node

germinal centers

42.

1 point

Which of the following is a subpopulation of T cells?

cytokinetic

cytotoxic

antitoxic

antigenic

basophilic

43.

1 point

Several research groups are working on vaccines that will be effective against the AIDS virus. When a successful vaccine is produced, it is likely to be injected to produce

active passive immunity

passive artificial immunity

active natural immunity

passive natural immunity

active artificial immunity

44.

1 point

In which of the following situations might Rh incompatibility develop?

Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive

Mother is Rh positive; fetus is Rh positive

Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh negative

Mother is Rh positive; fetus is Rh negative

Mother is Rh positive; father is Rh positive

45.

1 point

Germinal centers are the sites of

entrance of lymph into lymph nodes.

proliferation of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes.

increased flow of lymph from infected tissues.

increased blood flow to the lymph nodes.

fluid production.

46.

1 point

What is considered the universal donor?

B

A

AB

O

47.

1 point

Which of the following statements concerning the spleen is true?

Splenic arteries enter the organ at the periarterial sheath.

Humans can not survive without a spleen.

The red pulp has trabeculae.

The spleen can act as a blood reservoir.

The white pulp is associated with the venous supply.

48.

1 point

The most rapidly increasing group of AIDS patients is ____ who have had sexual contact with an infected person

homosexual males

heterosexual males and females

bisexual males

homosexual females

hemophiliacs

49.

1 point

In hemolytic disease of the newborn,

antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus.

hemolysis of white blood cells may occur.

antibodies from the fetus cross the placenta and affect the mother.

the mother frequently dies during childbirth.

fibrin is hydrolyzed.

50.

1 point

Adaptive immunity is stimulated by

antigens

complement

antibodies

histamines

plasma proteins