hubs

1.

1 point

Which of the following statements about the neural tube is INCORRECT?

it is derived from ectoderm

its cranial end forms the three primary brain vesicles

its is flanked by neural crest on its dorsal rim/side

it always forms on the ventral side of the notochord

2.

1 point

Neural crest gives rise to all of the following EXCEPT?

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system

Adrenal chromaffin cells

Melanocytes in the skin

3.

1 point

3. Which of the following statements about the ethmoid bone is INCORRECT?

The vertical/perpendicular plate of the ethmoid forms part of the nasal septum

The ethmoid bone contributes to the floor of the middle cranial fossa

The ethmoid bone contains ethmoid air cells/sinuses

The ethmoid bone contributes to the medial wall of the orbit

4.

1 point

Which of the following statements concerning the meninges is INCORRECT?

The arachnoid is firmly attached to the surface of the brain

Meninges play an important role in the venous drainage of the brain

Meninges cover the brain and spinal cord and are important for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

The dura is the thickest of the meningeal layers and forms the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

5.

1 point

5. Which of the following statements about the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is INCORRECT?

It is subject to posterior dislocation

It lies near a region of the skull/head called the infratemporal fossa

The four muscles of mastication produce movements about this joint

It is a very mobile synovial joint

6.

1 point

For the following questions complete the statements with the CORRECT answer
6. The foramen of Magende:

allows CSF to move from the subarachnoid space into large venous sinuses

transmits the fifth cranial nerve

lies in the fourth ventricle and allows CSF to move into the subarachnoid space

allows CSF to flow from the third to fourth ventricle

7.

1 point

The circle of Willis:

provides a system of vessels to supply the meninges

encircles the infundibulum/pituitary stalk

sits in the posterior cranial fossa

lies in the extradural space

8.

1 point

8. Which of the following conditions results from failure of the anterior/rostral end of the neural tube to close?

Anencephaly

Spina bifida

Hydrocephalus

Down’s syndrome or Trisomy 21

9.

1 point

Which of the following statements about cranial nerve ONE (CN I) is INCORRECT?
A) macroscopically, CN I enters the telencephalon
B) it carries sensory information associated with olfaction
C) it contains parasympathetic fibres (GVA)
D) damage to CN I can result in anosmia

macroscopically, CN I enters the telencephalon

it contains parasympathetic fibres (GVA)

it carries sensory information associated with olfaction

damage to CN I can result in anosmia

10.

1 point

Which of the following statements about cranial nerve TWELVE (CN XII) is INCORRECT?

CN XII exits the braincase through a foramina in the temporal bone

CN XII leaves the ventral side of the brainstem near the pyramids

CN XII provides motor innervation to the extrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

CN XII supplies the mylohyoid muscle

11.

1 point

Which of the following statements about cranial nerve SEVEN (CN VII) is INCORRECT?

CN VII provides motor innervation to the buccinator muscle

CN VII provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland

CN VII contains taste fibres (SVA)

the major motor branch of CN VII exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen

12.

1 point

4. Which of the following statements about the cavernous sinus is INCORRECT?

it transmits the mandibular division of CN V

it can drain blood from the face

it sits in the middle cranial fossa

it transmits CN IV and VI

13.

1 point

5. Which of the following statements about the superior orbital fissure is INCORRECT?

it transmits the optic nerve (CN II)

it lies lateral to the optic canal

it transmits CN III

it sits at the back of the orbit

14.

1 point

A glioma that destroys the right trochlear (CN IV) nucleus would produce the following symptoms
EXCEPT?

paralysis of the left superior oblique muscle

an inability to move the eye down and out

extorsion of the affected eye.

altered pupillary light reflexes

15.

1 point

Which of the following statements about cranial nerve ELEVEN (CN XI) is INCORRECT?

it contains parasympathetic fibres that innervate the palate and pharynx

it has a spinal and cranial component

it innervates two neck muscles that are derived from branchial arch mesoderm

it exists the braincase via the jugluar foramen

16.

1 point

1. The putamen and globus pallidus are frequently considered to be subdivisions of the:

caudate nucleus

limbic system

corpus striatum

extreme capsule

lentiform nucleus

17.

1 point

2. Parkinson's Disease is the result of:

inadequate production of nor adrenaline by neurons in the spinal cord

hyperactivity in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum

inadequate amounts of acetylcholine from neurons in the subthalamic nucleus

defective motor output from the cerebral cortex

inadequate amounts of dopamine from the neurons in the substantia nigra

18.

1 point

3. The hippocampus:

is a limbic structure which is involved in anxiety and fear

provides fibres to the corticospinal tract

is involved in blood pressure regulation via its direct projections to the brainstem

has an output pathway that forms the fornix.

sits in the floor of the fourth ventricle

19.

1 point

For questions 4-8 you need to provide the INCORRECT answer
4. Which one of the following statements concerning a mid-thalamic coronal section through the brain is
INCORRECT?

white matter is positioned underneath or deep to the outer cortical gray matter

this section would pass through the cerebellum

both lateral ventricles and the third ventricle would appear on this section

a deep layer of gray matter termed the basal ganglia or deep basal nuclei would appear on this section

gray matter lies on the outside of the brain

20.

1 point

5. Which one of the following statements concerning the basal ganglia is INCORRECT?

Basal ganglia structures are anatomically related to the thalamus and internal capsule

Along with the thalamus and components of the limbic system the basal ganglia form the deep basal nuclei

The basal ganglia comprises the internal capsule, thalamus and amygdala

The basal ganglia exerts it effects through its connections with cerebral cortex

Lesions in the basal ganglia can produce defects in motor performance

21.

1 point

6. Which one of the following statements concerning the brainstem is INCORRECT?

The brainstem contains important centres for cardiovascular and respiratory control

Major nerve pathways (tracts) connecting the spinal cord and cerebral cortex pass through the brainstem

The brainstem contains the third and fourth ventricles

Ten cranial nerves emerge from the brainstem

The brainstem exits the braincase through the foramen magnum where it becomes the spinal cord

22.

1 point

7. Which one of the following statements concerning the arterial supply of the brain is INCORRECT?

Blood enters the braincase via the internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Branches of the middle cerebral artery supply the brainstem and occipital cortex

The Circle of Willis is a system of communicating arteries at the base of the brain in the subarachnoid space

. The anterior cerebral artery supplies the most medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes

Terminal branches off the vertebral artery supply the back of the brain (brainstem and occipital cortex)

23.

1 point

8. Which one of the following statements concerning the cingulate gyrus is INCORRECT?

it provides major input to the cerebellum via the fornix

it lies on the medial side of each cerebral hemisphere

It in considered part of the limbic system

It lies on the outside (superficial) to the corpus callosum

it is involved in emotion formation and processing