Geography Final

1.

1 point

The grasshoper effect is essentially

a process of biomagnification

a process of bioaccumulation

global distillation

a term for environment impacts from pesticides

both a and b

2.

1 point

Tropospheric aerosols:

Have residence time of at least several centuries

Are rarely anthropogenic

Have the net effect of reducing global temperatures

Are entirely anthropogenic in origin

from a positive feedback loop with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide

3.

1 point

Which of the following are not all rangeland

tundra

savannah

shrubland

grassland

none of the above

4.

1 point

The Agricultural Revolution (sometimes called the Green Revolution) was due to:

increased productivity caused by hybridization and selective breeding of crops

increased productivity from genetic engineering

increased productivity from fossil fuel driven farm equipment

increased productivity application of chemical fertilizers

all of the above

5.

1 point

From a given area, why is it possible to feed more vegetarians than omnivores?

Omnivores are more aggressive (war-like) and less willing to share/co-exist

Vegetarians eat less and work harder

Trophic level conversions are only 10% efficient

Vegetarians have fewer diseases and live longer

Vegetarians are naturally passive and don't need as many calories

6.

1 point

Africa has been unable to produce sufficient food for its people since about?

1980

Africa has been food deficient since Roman times

1990

2000

1970

7.

1 point

Which of the following range land animals cannot digest cellulose?

horses

rabbits

bears

sheep

rodents

8.

1 point

The human activity that has had the greatest impact on the environment is/was?

grazing/over-grazing

domestication of animals

agriculture

forest-use practices

water use practices

9.

1 point

DDT is a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic hazard to humans.

True

False

10.

1 point

Best practices in range management is termed:

no till

cumulative effects

integrated

demand days

precautionary

11.

1 point

IPM (Integrated Pest Management includes all of the following except:

Crop rotation, multiple crops

Planting time changes to protect during most vulnerable crop stages

More effective use of field sanitation (e.g., plowing under grasshopper nests) and strategic application of irrigation water and fertilizers

Use of trap crop to lure pests away from field

all of the above

12.

1 point

Match the recommended grazing intensity with the rangeland type:

North-American SW & Intermountain West

15-20%

40-50%

50%

75%

20-30%

13.

1 point

Agricultural top soil is both created naturally and lost through erosion. Currently agricultural top soil is:

is approximately constant over time

is increasing where modern soil conservation practices are employed

being eroded faster than it can regenerate erosion

is almost gone from vast areas because of climate-caused droughts and wind

c and d

14.

1 point

Water vapour is primary atmospheric source of:

thermal mass

Radiative heat transfer

latent heat

small pox bacteria

Conductive heat transfer

15.

1 point

Which of the following is not an environment impact from agriculture?

loss of water quality

loss of wildlife habitat

soil erosion

obesity epidemic in developed countries

introduction of eutrophication and biocide contaminants

16.

1 point

About how many people die each year in Africa from malaria

100,000

500,000

200,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

17.

1 point

Match the recommended grazing intensity with the rangeland type:

Coastal Bermuda Grass

75%

50%

15-20%

40-50%

20-30%

18.

1 point

What human development led to the dichotomous view that man and nature were separate, and the distinction between aboriginal people and non-aboriginal people?

mathematics

agriculture

medecine

philosophy

ideology/religion

19.

1 point

The atmosphere:

holds 50 times more heat (and CO2) than the hydrosphere

is a blackbody absorber

is a selective absorber

absorbs all types of radiation equally

is transparent to all radiation

20.

1 point

Rangeland is about _____ of the world's non-glacier land surface.

26%

39%

47%

55%

none of the above

21.

1 point

Which of the following is not a negative environment effect from agriculture?

Alteration of hydrological cycle cycles and soil erosions

Auxiliary energy flows and redirection of natural energy flows

Accelerated climate warming

Alteration of secession patterns and processes

Natural selection has become cultural selection

22.

1 point

Which of the following is not an environment impact from grazing?

trampling and increased erosion

reduction/elimination of preferred rangeland plant species

loss of wildlife habitat

saltation and heavy metal toxicity

diminished water quality, especially in arid areas

23.

1 point

The percentage of visible light reflected by an object or substance is called its:

Secondly reflectance

Absorption

Albedo

reflectivity

Emission

24.

1 point

Historically the best living conditions accured to civilizations that:

focused exclusively on grazing

restricted their use of ecosystem serves to hunting and gathering

obtained their protein from the sea (fish and shellfish)

maintained a mixture of grazing and agricultural activities

focused exclusively on agriculture

25.

1 point

Burrowing Owls have become a pest species in many agricultural areas because their population have become over abundant due to increased pretty (passerine) densities due to agricultural enrichment and opening up the forest canopy. Identify the best answer.

True

False

26.

1 point

Intensive agriculture on Prince Edward Island has left large biocide residues even in offshore sediments.

True

False

27.

1 point

Continuous monocrop cultivation is better than traditional agriculture because?

better resistance to pests (less need for biocides)

reduced requirement for fertilizers

reduced farm equipment costs

less wind and water erosion

none of the above

28.

1 point

A system that regulates itself depends on:

Feedback filtered by related variables

Positive feedback

Inputs from surrounding systems only

Regulatory Authority (CO2) than the hydrosphere

Negative feedback

29.

1 point

Good farming practices include all of the following except:

organic fertilizers and summer fallow practices

crop rotations to improve soil fertility

wind breaks (hedge rows)

cultivate along the contour line/minimum tillage

avoidance of genetically modified crop varieties

30.

1 point

The difference between organic produce and crops and non-organic produce and crops is:

organic foods are carbon-based while not organic food are solicon based

organic foods are richer in vitamins and minerals

organic foods are less expensive

organic foods are not produced with fossil-fuel powered equipment

none of the above

31.

1 point

What is the name of the Holocene climate change event that contributed to the development of agriculture?

Anthropogenic global warming (AGW)

Guld Stream Initiation (GSI)

Inter-tropical Convergence Shift (ICS)

Younger-Dryas Event (YDE)

Beringia Lang Bridge (BLB)

32.

1 point

The measure used to balance the number of grazing animals to the productivity of the rangeland is:

weight gain/market value ratio

weight gain/loss to predators ratio

% preferred plant cover * precipitation (mm/year)

demand days to finished animal

CO2 footprint/NH4 footprint ratio

33.

1 point

Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification both cause an increase in body containment load with age

True

False

34.

1 point

about what percent of Canadian farms practice crop rotation as a soil conservation practice?

35%

7%

43%

56%

23%

35.

1 point

Which of the following is not a basic principle of grazing management?

Sound veterinary practices

Match kinds (species) and age classes with the rangeland and vegetation, topography and climate

Distribution of grazing across landscape

Stocking rate

Season of grazing

36.

1 point

Which of the following is not a common source of biofuels?

cellulose and lignocelluloses

sugarcane

tar sands

corn/maize

beets

37.

1 point

Without atmospheric greenhouse gassed the earth's mean temperature would be

0 C

-18 C

-33 C

20 C

15 C

38.

1 point

About________million acres of agricultural land are lost each year to soil erosion, saltation, and loss of irrigation water (aquifers and surface waters)?

7.5

1.5

12.5

17.5

5.0

39.

1 point

Match the recommended grazing intensity with the rangeland type:

Tallgrass Prarie

40-50%

15-20%

50%

75%

20-30%

40.

1 point

Match the recommended grazing intensity with the rangeland type:

Semiarid Grasslands

75%

20-30%

15-20%

40-50%

50%

41.

1 point

Africa has been unable to produce sufficient food for its people since about?

2000

1980

Africa has been food deficient since Roman Times

1990

1970

42.

1 point

This is the most important anthropengic greenhouse gas:

Carbon dioxide

Methane

Chlorofluorocarbons

Nitrous oxide

Water Vapor

43.

1 point

The most important factor is successful range management is:

animal husbandry

predator-free range

maintaining a regular fire regime to prevent forestation

managing the impacts of grazing on the range

access to water for the animals

44.

1 point

The human activity that has had the greatest impact on the environment is/was?

water use practice

Domestic of animals

warfare

forest-use practices

agriculture

45.

1 point

Biological controls of agriculture pests employ all of the following except:

pest predators and parasites

pest neurological toxins

pest reproduction disruptors

pest diseased

b and c

46.

1 point

Match the recommended grazing intensity with the rangeland type:

Ryegrass (unlimited H2O and N)

50%

75%

15-20%

50-50%

20-30%

47.

1 point

The long-term solution to future food shortages is:

Eat Less

You and your pets eat lower on the food chain

Waste less food

Grow your own food and practice/support organic agriculture

None of the above will prevent periodic food shortages if population continues to increase

48.

1 point

Which of the following are not a rangeland vegetarian type?

broad leaved plants (forbs)

grasses

alfalfa and hay pasture

shrubs

a and d

49.

1 point

The key to the development of civilization was?

industrial revolution

fossil fuel use

language

agriculture

a and b

50.

1 point

The thermal equilibrium temperature of the earth-atmosphere system is maintained if:

Energy radiated equals energy absorbed

The polar ice caps melt in order to maintain ocean temperatures

The movement of latent heat from north to south across the equator is great enough

Atmospheric CO2 is kept less than historical levels (<350 ppm)

None of the above