Exam 1

1.

1 point

Which hormone secreted by the pineal gland acts to regulate diurnal rhythms?

calcitonin

melatonin

insulin

parathyroid hormone

2.

1 point

The sympathetic nervous system is important to cardiovascular function because it increases?

heart rate

contractility

peripheral vasoconstriction and venous return

A, B and C

3.

1 point

The first clotting factor the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways have in common is:

factor VIII

factor XII (hageman factor)

factor X

prothrombin activator

4.

1 point

An elevated reticulocyte count would indicate overproduction of which cell type?

neutrophils

eosinophils

basophils

erythrocytes

5.

1 point

The anterior pituitary produces at least six major hormones and four are tropic hormones (regulates secretion of other hormones). Which hormone is NOT a tropic hormone?

prolactin

FSH

TSH

ACTH

6.

1 point

When the blood oxygen tension of patients with sickle cell anemia decreases, as it does at high altitudes, which change occurs?

Sickle-shaped erythrocytes return to a normal bioconcave shape

hematocrit values decrease due to red cell deformation and hemolysis

The oxygen-carrying capacity of the sickle shaped cells increases

none of the above

7.

1 point

The hematocrit is a direct index of the

buffy coat volume

volume of plasma in a blood sample

leukocyte count

red blood cells

8.

1 point

The concentration of a hormone in plasma is determined by?

rate of metabolism

secretion rate

excretion rate

all of the above

9.

1 point

Which amino acid/peptide/protein hormone is unique because it functions like a steroid hormone (uses nuclear rather than membrane receptors?

thyroid hormone

epinephrine

glucagon

thyroid stimulating hormone

10.

1 point

Someone with Type -A blood can give blood to people with which blood type?

AB or O

B or O

A or O

A and AB

11.

1 point

Chronic primary hypersecretion of cortisol is associated with which major clinical syndrome?

diabetes mellitus

Grave's disease

cushing syndrome

acromegaly

12.

1 point

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when a pregnant woman develops an immune response against which antigen (Ag)?

D-Ag

O-Ag

A-Ag

B-Ag

13.

1 point

If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, which of the following is likely to occur?

plasma T4 levels won't change

The adrenal gland will hypertrophy to increase cortisol production

The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol levels will be reduced

none of the above

14.

1 point

Increased afterload leads to ventricular hypertrophy, decreased compliance, and ultimately diastolic dysfunction. Which effect most likely accounts for the resulting decrease in cardiac output (CO)?

increased EDV and decreased SV

decreased EDV and increased SV

decreased EDV and SV

decreased contractility

15.

1 point

The main difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones are:

Peptide hormones bind to intracellular receptors whereas steroid hormones bind to cell surface receptors

peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface whereas steroid hormones bind intracellular receptors

there are no differences: both act by binding to receptors on the cell surface

none of the above

16.

1 point

Which sequence best describes the hypothalamic hypophyseal adrenal cortical axis?

CRH, ACTH, Cortisol

ACTH, CRH, Aldosterone

ACTH, CRH, cortisol

TRH, TSH, cortisol

17.

1 point

In a typical blood smear which white blood is the most prevalent?

lymphocytes

basophils

neutrophils

eosinophils

18.

1 point

The most important factor in determining blood flow to a given tissue or organ is

arterial pressure

vascular resistance

venous pressure

all of the above

19.

1 point

Which channels account for action potential depolarization in fast cardiac muscle cells?

F-type Na Channels

Na channels

potassium channels

fast T-type Ca channels

20.

1 point

Which component is the most important contributor to blood viscosity?

globulins

albumin

fibrin

erythrocytes

21.

1 point

Which statement is correct?

anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus

all hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides

A and B

none of the above

22.

1 point

which cell is critical to blood clotting, but doesn't circulate in the blood?

lymphocyte

reticulocyte

thrombocyte

megakarocyte

23.

1 point

The blood contained in a ventricle during the isovolumetric relaxation phase is?

end diastolic volume (ED)

stroke volume (SV)

ejection fraction

none of the above

24.

1 point

Drugs that increase the heart rate are said to be?

negative inotropic

myogenic

positive inotropic

positive chronotropic

25.

1 point

The pressure in the left ventricle during ventricular diastole would be

120mmHg

near zero

80mmHg

none of the above

26.

1 point

A 20 year old female patient has elevated plasma thyroid hormone levels. A biopsy reveals the presence of a thyroid gland tumor that accounts for the elevated thyroid hormone production. What is the best description of this case?

primary hypothyroidism

primary hyperthyroidism

secondary hypothyroidism

hyperhypothyroidism

27.

1 point

Which state would NOT be associated with anemia?

liver disease and decreased ferritin production

sickle cell disease

polycythemia

decreased stomach parietal cell intrinsic factor production

28.

1 point

Which channels account for action potential depolarization in slow, auto rhythmic cardiac cells?

F-type Na channels

potassium channels

slow, L-type Ca channels

fast T-type Ca channels

29.

1 point

Which hormone(s) typically increases blood glucose levels (glucose sparing effect)?

cortisol

growth hormone

glucagon

all of the above

30.

1 point

what do cAMP, IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG) all share in commong>

all regulate Ca

all are 2nd messengers

all have the same receptors

they are all transducers

31.

1 point

Which hormone represents a neuroendocrine system?

angiotensin II

oxytocin

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

insulin

32.

1 point

What is the primary function of thrombin?

converts fibrinogen to fibrin

initiates the extrinsic clotting cascade

absent in hemophilia

blocks thromboxane A2 production

33.

1 point

Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis and secretion of which hormone?

aldosterone

cortisol

androstenedione

insulin

34.

1 point

What would be the consequences of defective ADH receptors?

adrenogenital syndrome

diabetes mellitus

dehydration

season affective disorder

35.

1 point

Amoeboid, highly motile phagocytic cells with a multilobed nucleus would most likely be which cell type?

monocyte

neutrophil

basophil

lymphocyte

36.

1 point

According to the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart

cardiac output increases as heart rate increases

the left ventricle ejects a larger volume of blood with each systole that the right ventricle

the intrinsic rate of the heart's pacemaker is 100 beats/min

stroke volume increases with increased venous return

37.

1 point

Assume that one ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV of 90 mL and an ESV of 60 mL. What is this child's stroke volume?

90mL

60mL

150mL

30mL

38.

1 point

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is ideally suited to its role in plasma Ca ion regulation because its actions include increases in

bone Ca release

kidney Ca reabsorption

gastrointestinal Ca absorption

all of the above

39.

1 point

The granulocyte with a bilobed nucleus that plays a leading role in the response to parasitic infections is which cell?

macrophage

erythrocyte

eosinophil

lymphocyte

40.

1 point

Which cell is an agranulocyte that is essential to specific immune system function?

monocyte

macrophage

eosinophil

lymphocyte

41.

1 point

Which effect could lead to a decrease in blood pressure?

increased sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels

increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

increased venous return

increased blood volume

42.

1 point

The highest pressure in the aorta will occur during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

atrial systole

ventricular diastole

atrial and ventricular diastole

ventricular systole

43.

1 point

Pernicious anemia results from?

malaria

hypoxemia

lack of intrinsic factor

iron deficiency

44.

1 point

Thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion is unique because?

hormone synthesis occurs extracellularly

synthesis is regulated by and anterior pituitary hormone

synthesis requires specific enzymes

the hormone (thyroxin) is released from the basal cell surface

45.

1 point

CRH secretion would not raise the blood concentration of?

ACTH

glucose

corticosterone

thyroxin

46.

1 point

Which effect would not decrease the oxygen transporting capacity of the blood?

iron deficiency

vitamin B deficiency

erythropoietin overproduction

hemorrhage

47.

1 point

Which hormone relies on cAMP as a second messenger?

ACTH

estrogen

testosterone

progesterone

48.

1 point

Which statement about blood clotting is NOT true? Blood clotting __________?

is an example of positive feedback

is a result of a cascade of enzyme activation

is the formation of a thrombus

requires the presence of erythrocytes

49.

1 point

Which hormone produced by the pancreas has the primary effect to decrease plasma glucose concentration?

glucagon

parathyroid hormone

calcitonin

insulin

50.

1 point

Cardiac muscle does not exhibit tetanus because is has?

reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum

a long absolute refractory period

respiration is exclusively aerobic

gap junctions