Bio Final 2 Paideia 2013 Part 1

1.

1 point

The closing of a plant’s stomata will

increase capillary action in the plant’s stem. 

 cause wilting. 

increase transpirational pull.

cause less water to be pulled up from the plant’s roots.

2.

1 point

Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection?

changes in the inherited characteristics of a population over time

the natural variation found in all populations

unrelated species living in different locations

the struggle for existence undergone by all living things

3.

1 point

The ground tissue cell with the thickest wall is

parenchyma

tracheids

sclerenchyma

collenchyma

4.

1 point

Bryophytes must live in moist areas because they lack vascular tissue. For what other reason do they need to live in moist areas?

The sperm of bryophytes need water to swim to an egg.

Bryophytes need the extra water for photosynthesis.

Without moisture, rhizoids cannot anchor the plants.

Gas exchange is more efficient in wet areas.

5.

1 point

Unlike roots, stems

transport water.

may play a part in photosynthesis.

have ground tissue.

are protected by epidermal cells.

6.

1 point

In plants, the opening and closing of stomata balance water loss with the need for (carbon dioxide).

True

False (Nitrogen)

7.

1 point

Phloem is made up of (vessel) elements and companion cells.

True

False (sieve tube)

8.

1 point

The movement of sugars in a plant can be explained by

root pressure.

capillary action.

 transpirational pull. 

the pressure-flow hypothesis.

9.

1 point

Oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of a leaf through the

phloem.

stomata.

palisade mesophyll.

guard cells.

10.

1 point

If a seed has two cotyledons, it is from a (monocot).

True

False (dicot)

11.

1 point

In many plants, stomata are found only on the lower surface of the leaf. The most likely explanation for this fact is that

gravity plays a role in gas exchange.

 water loss would be less on the shaded lower surface than in direct sun.

photosynthesis only occurs in the spongy mesophyll near the bottom of the leaf. 

stomata are closer to vascular bundles that bring water into the leaf.

12.

1 point

_________________________ at the tips of stems and roots produce rapid growth in plants.

13.

1 point

Which of the following are areas of unspecialized cells in which mitosis produces new cells that are ready for differentiation?

xylem and phloem

meristems

parenchyma and collenchyma

epidermis

14.

1 point

The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that

 the majority of a species’ offspring die.

without certain checks on population size, there would soon be insufficient food for the growing human population.

in the human population, people die faster than babies are born. 

 in the 1700s, England needed more housing.

15.

1 point

A seed plant is held in the ground by its

leaves.

stems.

epidermis.

roots.

16.

1 point

Which of the following describes the heartwood of a tree?

old xylem that is no longer conducting water

active xylem that transports water and minerals

vascular cambium and cork cambium

old phloem that is no longer conducting nutrients

17.

1 point

Vascular plants are also known as _________________________ because of the specialized water-conducting cells they contain.

18.

1 point

In seed plants, the entire male gametophyte is contained in a

cone.

pollen grain.

flower.

seed.

19.

1 point

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is

artificial selection.

natural selection.

artificial variation.

survival of the fittest.

20.

1 point

An evolutionary advantage of flowers is that they attract (pollinators).

True

False (ants)

21.

1 point

During primary growth, a stem

increases in length.

increases in width.

produces flowers.

produces wood

22.

1 point

In conifers and dicots, the meristem that lies between the xylem and phloem is the _________________________, and the meristem that is part of the bark is the _________________________.

23.

1 point

James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work was important to Darwin because these scientists

suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred.

refuted the work of Lamarck, which was based on misunderstandings.

explained volcanoes and earthquakes.

explained all geologic events on Earth.

24.

1 point

The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galápagos Islands varied in certain structural adaptations. One of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the

birds’ different-shaped beaks.

length of the birds’ necks.

number of eggs in each bird’s nest.

similarities of the birds’ embryos.

25.

1 point

Which type of vascular tissue carries solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis?

tracheids

 phloem

lignin

xylem

26.

1 point

Ground tissue is found in a plant’s

roots and stems only.

stems only.

stems and leaves only.

roots, stems, and leaves.

27.

1 point

Xylem tissue is important because it

can conduct water over long distances.

allows water to diffuse from the roots.

carries carbohydrates to all parts of the plant.

carries out photosynthesis.

28.

1 point

Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

 fitness.

diversity.

 adaptation.

evolution.

29.

1 point

The stomata of leaves are usually open

at night if a plant has enough water.

during the day if a plant has enough water.

at night if a plant has too little water.

during the day if a plant has too little water.

30.

1 point

In most plants, which organs are adapted to capture sunlight for photosynthesis?

leaves

roots

stems

flowers

31.

1 point

One of the three main functions of stems is to

store water.

carry out photosynthesis.

store carbohydrates.

carry water and nutrients between roots and leaves.

32.

1 point

The air spaces in the _________________________ layer of a leaf connect with air through stomata in the epidermis of the leaf.

33.

1 point

The attraction of water molecules to other kinds of molecules is called

cohesion. 

capillary action.

adhesion. 

transpirational pull.

34.

1 point

In angiosperms, xylem consists of tracheids and

sieve tube elements. 

vessel elements.

parenchyma.

companion cells. 

35.

1 point

In roots, ____________________ increase the surface area through which water and minerals can diffuse.

36.

1 point

Which of the following includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective covering?

pollen grain

gametophyte

seed

 spore 

37.

1 point

Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes

the nearly universal genetic code.

the presence of vestigial structures.

the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA.

a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species.

38.

1 point

Most of the photosynthesis in plants takes place in the

stomata.

mesophyll.

xylem.

guard cells.

39.

1 point

(Herbaceous) stems form wood.

True

False (woody)

40.

1 point

Water rises to the top of a giant redwood tree by (transpirational pull).

True

False (capillary action)

41.

1 point

Unlike a dicot, a monocot has

four or five petals per flower.

parallel leaf veins.

taproots.

two cotyledons.

42.

1 point

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse.

characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.

variations best suited to environmental conditions.

the greatest number of offspring.

43.

1 point

The ground tissue cell that could contain chloroplasts is

parenchyma

sclenchyma

tracheids

collenchyma

44.

1 point

In plants, the diploid phase is known as

N phase.

the sporophyte.

the gametophyte. 

alternation of generations. 

45.

1 point

The outer covering of a plant consists of

dermal tissue.

ground tissue.

meristematic tissue.

vascular tissue.

46.

1 point

In phloem, the cells that keep their nuclei and organelles are the ____________________.

47.

1 point

There is a one-way movement of water and minerals from the cortex into the vascular cylinder of a root because

water molecules are in high concentration in the cortex.

the root pressure is low.

nutrients are in low concentration in the cortex.

the Casparian strip is waterproof.

48.

1 point

Flowers are characteristic of (gymnosperms).

True

False (angiosperms)

49.

1 point

Of the following locations, you would most likely find mosses growing in

shaded ground near a small pond

sandy soil near a beach.

hot, dry, mineral-poor soil.

exposed ground with direct sun.

50.

1 point

Lamarck’s ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms as a result of

continual increases in population size.

 an unchanging local environment.

 the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.

 the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.