Biology Final Practice Test 2

1.

1 point

Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?

spindle fiber

polypeptide

tRNA

anticodon

2.

1 point

The number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends upon

the allele frequencies of the various alleles

the number of genes that control the trait

which form of the trait is dominant

the relationship of allele frequencies to Mendelian ratios

3.

1 point

In E. Coli, the lac operon controls the

breakdown of lactose

production of glucose

breakdown of glucose

production of lactose

4.

1 point

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy--->6CO2 + 6H20

6O2 + C6H12O6--->6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy

6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy--->6O2 + C6H12O6

6CO2 + 6H20--->6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy

5.

1 point

In an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

12

3

6

24

6.

1 point

Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria?

They will become polyploid

They will die

They will live

They will under go PCR

7.

1 point

The Human Genome Project is an attempt to

cure infectious human diseases

identify all restriction enzymes

sequence every person's DNA

sequence the DNA of every human gene

8.

1 point

Most mutations

are helpful to an organism

are harmful to an organism

have no effect on an organism

are fatal to an organism

9.

1 point

Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by

conducting experiments that showed which nucleotides are complementary

figuring out that DNA strands form a double helix

producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays

finding that DNA was nucleic acid made up of a long chain of individual nucleotides

10.

1 point

Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born

with four X chromosomes

with three X chromosomes

with one X chromosome

without an X chromosome

11.

1 point

RNA contains the sugar

glucose

ribose

lactose

deoxyribose

12.

1 point

One scientist who attempted to explain how rock layers form and change over time was

James Hutton

Thomas Malthus

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Charles Darwin

13.

1 point

The different forms of a gene are called

hybrids

traits

alleles

pollinations

14.

1 point

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how

inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring

species can become extinct

species descend from common ancestors

evolution takes place in the natural world

15.

1 point

An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction

takes less time

provides genetic diversity

requires more time

produces identical offspring

16.

1 point

Griffith's experiments advanced the study of genetics by proving that

the bacteria that can make mice sick are the same bacteria that can be grown in culture dishes in a laboratory

genetic information can be passed from parents to their offspring during sexual reproduction

there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another

bacteria can make people sick by infecting them with a chemical that contains genetic information

17.

1 point

Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms?

a Bt corn plant and polyploid banana tree

a hybridized peach tree and polyploid banana tree

bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant

a hybridized peach tree and bacteria that make human insulin

18.

1 point

Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble

storing needed materials in and waste products

producing daughter cells

moving needed materials in and waste products out

dividing

19.

1 point

Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of

Hox genes

homologous structures

analogous structures

intermediate fossil forms

20.

1 point

The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called

nondisjunction

X-chromosome inactivation

Turner's syndrome

Down syndrome

21.

1 point

What happened when griffith injected mice with the harmless, R-strain bacteria alone?

The mouse lived

The bacteria transformed

The mouse died

The bacteria died

22.

1 point

What did charles darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell?

All geological change is caused by living organisms

Earth is relatively young

The processes that formed old rocks on Earth do not operate today

Gradual change operating over long periods of time can result in dramatic changes

23.

1 point

According to darwin theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the

lack of competition within the species

possession of adaptations developed use

possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness

choices made by plant and animal breeders

24.

1 point

When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for

natural variations that are present in a species

species that are perfect and unchanging

characteristics acquired during the lifetime of the organism

homologous structures

25.

1 point

The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid requires

oxygen

ATP

alcohol

NADH

26.

1 point

During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen?

G1 phase

M phase

S phase

G2 phase

27.

1 point

Which of the following pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH2

acetyl-CoA

citric acid

ATP and ADP

28.

1 point

According to the Grants' investigation of Galapagos finches, what happened to the beaks of the finches?

Beaks became larger through artificial selection

Beaks became smaller when they migrated

Beaks became larger over many generations

Beaks became smaller during the finches' lifespan

29.

1 point

Watson and Crick discovered the two strands in DNA

run in opposite directions

run in perpendicular directions

run in random directions

run in the same direction

30.

1 point

The first phase of mitosis is called

prophase

interphase

metaphase

anaphase

31.

1 point

A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be

black

white

speckled

grey

32.

1 point

The idea that events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by

Charles Darwin

Thomas Malthus

Charles Lyell

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

33.

1 point

What is produced during transcription?

proteins

RNA polymerase

RNA molecules

DNA molecules

34.

1 point

Why are stem cells important?

They have the potential to undergo cell division

They have specialized DNA

They have the potential to develop into other cell types

They are incapable of becoming cancer cells

35.

1 point

James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work was important to darwin because these scientists

explained volcanoes and earthquakes

suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred

explained all geologic events on Earth

refuted the work of Lamarck, which was based on misunderstandings

36.

1 point

All of the following are problems with growth causes for cells EXCEPT

obtaining enough food

excess oxygen

more demands on DNA

expelling wastes

37.

1 point

Compared to a polygenic trait, a single-gene trait tends to have

fewer phenotypes

the same number of phenotypes

more phenotypes

phenotypes that form a bell-shaped curve

38.

1 point

Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?

Franklin

Watson

Avery

Chargaff

39.

1 point

Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies?

because they cannot be cut with restriction enzymes

because it is difficult to insert new genes into them

because they can be used to transform bacteria

because they naturally contain much foreign DNA

40.

1 point

What is the role of primers in PCR?

They create a place for DNA polymerase to start its work building new DNA strands

They separate the DNA strands and hold them apart, to create room for DNA polymerase molecules

They allow for the insertion of antibiotic resistance genes, so scientists can select the bacteria that have been transformed

They add new nucleotides to build complementary strands of DNA based on the original template

41.

1 point

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

metaphase

interphase

cell division

mitosis

42.

1 point

Which characteristic of Galapagos finches helped the Grants show the results of natural selection?

the color of the feathers

the size and shape of their beaks

the curve of their claws

the length and shape of their wings

43.

1 point

Which of the following statements is true?

A colorblind girl's father must be colorblind

A colorblind boy's father must be colorblind

A sex-linked allele cannot be dominant

Females cannot have hemophilia

44.

1 point

The Calvin Cycle takes place in the

stroma

photosystems

thylakoid membrane

chlorophyll molecules

45.

1 point

Each pea-plant gamete has how many alleles for the height gene?

1

3

2

4

46.

1 point

To produce transgenic bacteria that make insulin, which of the steps listed below would a scientist do FIRST?

Extract the insulin from the bacterial culture

Insert the human insulin gene into a plasmid

Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid

Cut out the insulin gene from human DNA

47.

1 point

Why did Thomas Hunt Morgan use fruit flies in his studies?

fruit flies have a long life span

fruit flies share certain characteristics with pea plants

fruit flies take a long time to produce offspring

fruit flies produce a large number of offspring

48.

1 point

Sickle cell disease is caused by a

change in two proteins

change in the size of a chromosome

change in number of chromosomes in a cell

change in one allele

49.

1 point

If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens?

The rate of photosynthesis increases indefinitely with light intensity

The rate of photosynthesis decreases indefinitely with light intensity

The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off

The rate of photosynthesis does not change

50.

1 point

Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT

population size is very large

fitness varies among individuals

more offspring are born than can survive

there is a heritable variation among members of the population