Neuro 15: Sleep and Alzheimer's

1.

1 point

True or False: The mini-mental status exam was designed to accurately identify only one type of dementia.

True

False

2.

1 point

Which of the following would you expect to find in a purely Alzheimer's patient?

Intention tremor

Hypotonia

Bradykinesia

Hypertonia

None of these

Resting tremor

3.

1 point

Spindles and K complexes are characteristics of which state of consciousness on EEG?

Stage 1 sleep

Stage 2 sleep

Drowsy

Awake

Deep sleep

4.

1 point

Narcoleptic patients typically have a rapid breakthrough from an awake state to which stage of sleep?

Stage 2 sleep

Deep sleep

Stage 1 sleep

REM sleep

5.

1 point

AD is most prevalent in which population?

White

Asian

Native American

African American

Hispanic

6.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for AD?

Head trauma

All of these

Aging

Diabetes

Family history

Down Syndrome

APOE-E4 gene

7.

1 point

About many years do biomarkers begin to change before the first signs of symptoms in AD?

1 year

10 years

20 years

30 years

5 years

8.

1 point

Which of the following sleep disorders is typically associated with a defect in protein folding?

Narcolepsy

Sleep apnea syndrome

REM sleep disorder

Restless leg syndrome

Fatal familial insomnia

9.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with AD?

Amyloidopathy

All of these are associated with AD

Demyelination

Metabolic encephalopathy

Tauopathy

Vascular disease

10.

1 point

Which of the following is not a potential cause or contributory factor for restless leg syndrome?

Low dopamine

Autoimmune diseases

Anti-histamine medications

High levels of blood iron

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

11.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive domain used to diagnose dementia associated with AD?

Memory

Visuospatial

Language

Affect

Reasoning & Judgement

12.

1 point

Which of the following are not usually associated with wakefulness?

Norepinephrine

Adenosine

Orexins

Histamine

Serotonin

13.

1 point

Which of the following brain areas is least likely to be affected by early stage AD?

Wernicke's area

Hippocampus

Medial temporal lobe

Primary motor cortex

Prefrontal cortex

14.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of REM sleep?

Muscle atonia

High acetylcholine tone

Very low pontine monoamine tone

Active coeruleal noradrenaline tone

Thought to foster creativity

15.

1 point

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is stimulated by which of the following:

Dopamine

Serotonin

Norepinephrine

Melatonin

Histamine

16.

1 point

The acetylcholine supply to the majority of the cortex comes from which gray matter area?

Nucleus basalis

Raphe nucleus

Ventral tegmental area

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Pontine nucleus

17.

1 point

Which of the following would you expect to find in a spinal tap sample of CSF from an AD patient?

High levels of amyloid beta peptide

Low levels of amyloid beta peptide

High levels of tau protein

Low levels of tau protein

18.

1 point

A man and his wife come into the clinic. The man complains that his wife has been violently "attacking" him in her sleep, on and off, for the past few weeks. What may she be suffering from?

REM sleep disorder

Restless leg syndrome

Narcolepsy

Fatal familial insomnia

Affective sleep disorder

19.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT correctly associated with sleep?

Increased amounts of sleep decrease lifespan

Improved signal to noise ratio of brain waves

Increased PSD 95 levels during sleep

Accelerated replay of memories

Slow wave sleep promotes memory retention

20.

1 point

Which area of the brain is critical in the initial encoding of memories?

Amygdala

Mamillary bodies

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Frontal cortex

Hippocampus

21.

1 point

Histamine is produced in which brain nucleus?

Dorsal raphe nucleus

Tuberomamillary nucleus

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Ventral lateral nucleus

Medial preoptic nucleus

22.

1 point

The gene for amyloid precursor protein is located on which chromosome?

Y

X

21

16

19

23.

1 point

Place the following indication of AD in the correct order of detection, starting from earliest to latest: (e.g. I, II, III, ...)
I: MRI changes
II: CSF A-beta changes
III: CSF tau changes
IV: Amyloid PET changes
V: Cognitive impairment

24.

1 point

An 80 year old man, on average, has what percentage of his sleep as REM sleep?

15%

35%

75%

50%

25%

25.

1 point

Which of the following would you NOT expect to find in an AD patient?

Trouble speaking

Deficits in memory

Visuospatial deficits

Peripheral numbness

Lowered IQ