Pathology Test 1 Part 1

The patient reports to his primary care physician (PCP) that he thinks he might be depressed. The PCP examines the patient and orders some lab tests. The PCP asks the patient about work, family, and social activities. The PCP asks the patient about his hobbies and interests. The PCP discusses treatment options with the patient and they decided upon a trial of antidepressants and counseling. Which of the following theories of health and wellness does this case scenario best illustrate?

Which of the following is false regarding illness and disease?

What is one characteristic of acute illness that does not apply to chronic illness?

Describe the difference in how International Classification of Functioning (ICF) and the traditional model define disability.

A patient is diagnosed with Type II diabetes by their primary care physician. The physician focuses on the body's inability to respond to the insulin as well as the pancreas not producing enough insulin. Which of the following theories of health and wellness does this case scenario best illustrate?

A patient is experiencing high-levels of stress from their new job. Initially, the body tries to combat this stress by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and releasing catecholamines (ex: epinephrine). However, as the stress of the new job remains present, the patient begins to secrete hormones that increase blood sugar levels to help sustain energy and increase blood pressure. This patient demonstrates that they are in what phase of the general adaptation syndrome?

Unwanted and potentially harmful effect(s) produced by medications or prescription drugs are known as _______

Which of the following represent possible indications for immunosuppressive agents? (More than one may be correct)

A physical therapist is checking the chart of a new patient. The patient was admitted to the hospital last night. She notices that the patient is taking immunosuppressive agents for Crohn’s disease, an autoimmune disorder. Which of the following should be the physical therapist’s first action after introducing herself to the patient?

Which of the following is not a possible factor that may affect fluid and electrolyte balance in the aging?

Decreased extravascular fluid may result in which of the following?

Which of the following ions is the major ion that influences water retention and water loss?

This ion influences the permeability of the cell membrane and thereby regulates neuromuscular activity.

Betty was baking cookies. As she was removing a tray of cookies from the lower rack of the oven, she accidentally bumped the upper rack. She felt some pain at the time but was really into the cookies. Later she realized that she had a reddened area where her forearm had made contact with the oven rack. The reddened area is an example of what type of injury?

Fred is 20 years old. He eats a very balanced diet, and exercises regularly. He has an occasional beer when he is out with his friends on the weekends. He smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. Last night when Fred was grating cabbage to make coleslaw, he accidently grated his finger. What activity will impair the healing of his cut?

Inflammation that does not resolve, but persists over time is called _________

Pauline sustained a paper cut. She applied pressure to the wound until the bleeding stopped. She then cleaned the wound and applied the bandage. The application of pressure aided what phase of healing?

Which of the following is true regarding drug dosage and/or bioavailability?

A drug has an ED50 of 5 mg and a TD50 of 1000mg. What is the therapeutic index of this drug?

Codeine is a drug with high abuse potential with the likelihood of physical and psychological dependence yet with accepted medical use. With this drug, automatic refills are not allowed. Codeine is an example of which schedule of drugs?

The five cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the following except:

The FDA is in the middle of the drug approval process. They are currently assessing the drug's effectiveness in treating a specific disease/disorder. What phase of the drug approval process are they in?

Which of the following is NOT a difference that exists between over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and prescription drugs?

Taken in large amounts, most medications can be toxic, and many even lethal. Drug overdose is a common example of a drug-induced toxicity. This toxicity is an example of which type of cell injury?

If the injurious or stressful stimulus is of sufficient magnitude or duration or if the cell is unable to adapt, the cell will be considered to be experiencing a

A patient was recently diagnosed with Type II diabetes. The patient's primary care physician has prescribed metformin (Glucophage ®). Metformin is what form of a drug name?

A patient taking 1000 mg of Acetaminophen a day decides to try and double the dose by taking 2000 mg the following day to improve the analgesic effects. However, the patient does not demonstrate any additional pain relief the next day. This case scenario best illustrates which of the following?

Generic and Brand names should be bioequivalent. In order to maintain bioequivalance, these drugs must demonstrate all of the following except:

A patient who is hypertensive began taking 80 mg of bumetanide to decrease their blood pressure by 25 percent. However, the patient's primary care physician switches the patient to chlorothiazide, where they only have to 10 mg to decrease their blood pressure by 25 percent. The chlorothiazide demonstrates a ceiling effect at 30 mg by decreasing the blood pressure by 30 percent. The bumetanide has a ceiling effect at 160 mg and is able decrease the blood pressure by 50 percent at this dosage. Which drug demonstrates a higher potency and which one has a greater maximal efficacy?

A patient diagnosed with asthma is prescribed budesonide. The most likely route of drug administration would be ______

Altered pharmacokinetics of a drug in the elderly may be attributed to which of the following?

A normal 70 kg man has a total body fluid content of approximately 42 L. He is administered 420 mg of a drug with a plasma concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. Calculate the volume of distribution of the drug and indicate its apparent distribution.

All of the following are examples of drug storage sites except:

The primary location for drug metabolism is the ______ and the primary site for the drug excretion is the ______.

Drugs administered by inhalation are most commonly excreted by the ____

Which statements are true about the half-life of a drug?

Normal hepatic blood flow (Q) equals 1500 ml/min. If the blood entering the livers contain 200 μg/mL of aspirin (Ci) and the blood leaving the liver contains 134 μg/mL(Co). What is the hepatic clearance of the aspirin?

A relatively healthy 30 year old patient is only on one medication. This prescription is absorbed by the GI tract and he notices increased side effects due to increased bioavailability of the drug. His diet primarily consists of fruits such as strawberries and grapefruit, vegetables, and whole grains. What is the primary reason for this patient's response to this drug?

A drug that can bind to a receptor and initiate a change in the function of the cell is known as a/an _____

A _____ has only affinity where as _____ has both affinity and efficacy.

Which of the following represents a contraindication to physical therapy? (More than one answer may be correct.)

In an organ composed of cells that cannot regenerate such as the brain, the _______ theory may account for the decline in function of these organs.

A stroke or myocardial infarction is more commonly associated with ______ out of the following:

A patient is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). The physician determines the most likely infectious agent that has caused this is a ______

Sustained oxygen deprivation of the heart causing the death of myocardial fibers is an example of ______

The accumulation of fat in liver cells with ingestion of alcohol is an example of ______

______ is the most important protein to provide structural support and tensile strength in almost all tissue and organs in the body.

A patient is diagnosed with TB as a result of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria has attacked the lungs and destroyed the cell membrane of some of the cells. This is an example of which type of necrosis?

A patient is observed to have abscesses on their skin due to a Staph infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The patient demonstrates what type of necrosis?

In chronic inflammation, all of the following are accumulated in the tissues EXCEPT: