Chapter 14, 15 Test

The term half-life is used to indicate when an organism’s life span is half over.

In order to fit into their habitat, the Galapagos finches had

If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 5,000 years, how much of the radioactive isotope in a specimen will be left after 10,000 years?

Urey and Miller simulated the conditions that Oparin had proposed existed on early Earth, and were able to generate amino acids and other complex molecules.

The major idea that Darwin presented in his book The Origin of Species was that

Darwin thought that the plants and animals of the Galapagos Islands were similar to those of the nearby coast of South America because

Miller and Urey did not use oxygen gas in their apparatus because oxygen

Many scientists think that DNA was the first genetic material.

Animal fossils may form when

Miller and Urey succeeded in producing primitive living organisms from simple chemical compounds.

The apparatus shown below was used by scientists in the 1950s to re-create the conditions of early Earth.
Refer to the illustration. Gases were circulated through the apparatus. When the mixture reached the reaction chamber labeled “C,” an electric spark was activated so that

Which of the following are examples of fossils?

Spontaneous generation has been offered as an explanation for

Pasteur’s experiments provided conclusive evidence against the presence of a “vital force” in the air because Pasteur allowed air to enter his flasks after the broth had been boiled.

According to Darwin, evolution occurs

Isotopes are forms of the same element that differ in

Natural selection can cause the spread of an advantageous adaptation in a population.

Natural selection is the process by which

Darwin observed that the plants and animals of the Galapagos Islands were the same as those on islands off the coast of Africa with similar environments.

Which of the following is not thought to have been a factor in the formation of Earth?

Natural selection could not occur without

The finches that Darwin studied differed in the shape of their beaks. According to Darwin, the finches probably

Organisms well suited to their environment

It is impossible to test any assumptions about the origin of life.

Which of the following is thought to have been an important early function of aerobic respiration?

Experiments conducted by Miller and Urey, and by others since them, have demonstrated that molecules important for life could have been produced in Earth’s early atmosphere. These molecules include amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP, and nucleotides of DNA and RNA. Which of the following suggests how the genetic material of cells may have evolved to give instructions for the functioning and replication of cells?

Since natural resources are limited, all organisms

The surface of Earth is protected from damaging ultraviolet light by

The first macromolecules on Earth were

Darwin conducted much of his research on

How did Redi test the hypothesis of spontaneous generation?

One of the first gases found in Earth’s atmosphere was oxygen.

Scarcity of resources and a growing population are most likely to result in

The age of fossils, such as those of bones, can often be determined by

The two major ideas that Darwin presented in The Origin of Species were that evolution occurred and that natural selection was its mechanism.

The environment selects which organisms will survive and reproduce by presenting challenges that only individuals with particular traits can meet.

Populations of the same species living in different places

The process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment is known as

The apparatus shown below was used by scientists in the 1950s to re-create the conditions of early Earth.
Refer to the illustration above. Miller and Urey’s apparatus was designed to demonstrate that life on Earth might have originated from

Which of the following gases was thought by Oparin to be part of Earth’s early atmosphere?

The apparatus shown below was used by scientists in the 1950s to re-create the conditions of early Earth.
Refer to the illustration. Water vapor in the reaction chamber labeled “C” was mixed with all of the following except

In their experiment, Miller and Urey produced

The half-life of a radioisotope

RNA

When Darwin published his theory of evolution, he included all of the following ideas except

The theory of evolution states that species change over time.

What did Pasteur do in his experiments on spontaneous generation that other scientists before him had not done?