CDC 1

1.

1 point

The solar F10 index is used to

predict the impact of short wave fade events.

compare solar activity to tropospheric changes.

predict the orbits of space objects.

forecast the necessity of navigational alterations.

2.

1 point

The Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt contains mostly

high energy protons and electrons.

low to medium energy protons and electrons.

medium to high energy protons and electrons.

low energy electrons.

3.

1 point

A flare is already causing immediate environmental effects and DOD system impacts by the time we first observe it because

the X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, and radio waves flares emit travel at the speed of light.

very little climatology concerning initial stages of solar flares is available.

the flare detection equipment network operates on an 8 minute delay.

current technology for detecting solar flares is limited.

4.

1 point

What is a short wave blackout?

The range of frequencies between a lowest useable frequency (LUF) and a maximum useable frequency (MUF).

A short wave fade (SWF) event that is strong enough to close the high frequency (HF) propagation window completely.

That frequency threshold signaling too much absorption, preventing signal passage through the D-layer.

An immediate effect experienced with the observation of a solar flare.

5.

1 point

What causes ionospheric scintillation at high geomagnetic latitudes?

Rogue particles from the magnetosphere’s tail.

Intense ionospheric irregularities found in the auroral zones.

The extreme variation of sun angles near the polar caps.

The immediate nature of effects produced by solar radio bursts.

6.

1 point

What causes auroral zone absorption events?

The aftermath of geomagnetic storms.

Polar cap absorption events and solar flares.

Particles from the magnetosphere’s tail.

Extremely long and persistent short wave fade events.

7.

1 point

Particle events and associated geomagnetic disturbances often show a 27-day recurrence because

climatology shows that solar flares occur in 27-day cycles.

the sun rotates once every 27 days.

they are influenced by the lunar cycle.

they can only be detected during lunar darkness.

8.

1 point

The Outer and Inner Van Allen Radiation Belts are

the extreme ends of the known radiation belts.

two concentric, donut-shaped regions of trapped charged particles.

actually composed of three regions of trapped charged particles.

the only detectable radiation belts presently known.

9.

1 point

Solar radio bursts are

best forecast using climatology and persistence.

not possible to forecast due to model bias.

not possible to forecast since they are experienced simultaneously with observation of the solar flare.

best forecast by collaborative effort with civilian counterparts.

10.

1 point

Why do semisynchronous orbit suffers from a variable high density particle environment?

It lies near the middle of the Inner Belt.

It lies just outside the outer boundary of the Inner Belt.

It lies near the middle of the Outer Belt.

It lies along the inner boundary of the Inner Belt.

11.

1 point

Which system impacts tend to occur hours to several days after the solar activity that caused them, persist for up to several days, and are mostly felt in the nighttime sector?

Ionospheric delayed effects.

Particle delayed effects.

Solar radio noise storms.

Geomagnetic delayed events.

12.

1 point

What tends to occur as a result of scintillation?

Increases in signal strength to the degree which satellite data is unreadable.

False readouts on radar, satellite, and geological sensors in the mid latitudes.

A sudden influx in apparent satellite network traffic.

Signal fading and data drop outs on satellite uplinks and data downlinks.

13.

1 point

To what does a short wave fade (SWF) refer?

The normal mode of radiowave propagation in the high frequency (HF) range.

The portion of the ionosphere with the greatest degree of ionization.

The ionosphere’s strongest (or F) layer.

An abnormally high fading of a high frequency (HF) radio signal.

14.

1 point

Radiation belt electrons are

about 10 to 100 times more numerous than protons.

about 5 to 10 times more numerous than protons.

about 1 to 5 times more numerous than protons.

about 100 to 1000 times more numerous than protons.

15.

1 point

The impact of a proton event can last for

until the effects are broken by the onset of another flare.

a few minutes to one hour after the flare ends.

a few hours to several days after the flare ends.

several weeks to one month after the flare begins.

16.

1 point

What is not produced by an electrostatic discharge?

Failure of onboard modeling sensors.

False sensor readings.

Failure of electronic components, thermal coatings, and solar cells.

Spurious circuit switching.

17.

1 point

Impacts of scintillation will only be felt if

radio signals are traveling close enough to the region to intercept it.

a radio signal is not in use in or around the affected region.

the signal penetrates an ionospheric region where electron density irregularities are occurring.

the signal is strong enough to avoid excessive refraction by the F-layer.

18.

1 point

When do the effects of solar flares tend to subside?

Several hours to a few days following the flare.

Shortly after the flare ends.

During the onset of the next solar maximum.

At the same time the flare ends

19.

1 point

All of the following can produce spacecraft electrical charging except

lunar illumination.

solar illumination.

motion through a medium containing charged particles.

directed particle bombardment during geomagnetic storms and proton events.

20.

1 point

The enhanced ionization caused by solar flare protons enter through the funnel-like cusps in the magnetosphere above the earth’s polar caps is called

a short wave fade event.

an auroral zone absorption event.

a polar cap absorption event.

a geomagnetic or ionospheric storm event.

21.

1 point

What is the source for cosmic rays which compliment single event upsets’ (SEU)?

Various sources that is rather difficult to forecast.

Very largest solar flares or galactic sources outside our Solar System.

Rather small, unnoticed solar flares?

The middle of the Outer Van Allen Belt.

22.

1 point

What is not a consequence of atmospheric drag?

Inaccurate satellite locations.

Unreliable de-orbit predictions.

Costly orbit maintenance maneuvers.

Satellite mechanism failures.

23.

1 point

Atmospheric drag

decreases an object’s altitude and decreases its orbital speed.

increases an object’s altitude and increases its orbital speed.

increases an object’s altitude and decreases its orbital speed.

decreases an object’s altitude and increases its orbital speed.

24.

1 point

Solar illumination and wake charging are examples of

electrical and radiation hazards.

unexpected solar events.

surface charging phenomena.

core sector charging phenomena.

25.

1 point

Scintillation of radiowave signals is

relatively uncommon in polar regions.

relatively common in equatorial regions.

intense geomagnetic irregularities found in the ozone.

the rapid, random variation in signal amplitude, phase, and/or polarization.

26.

1 point

What represents a direct radiation danger to astronauts and high altitude aircraft crews and may produce direct collisional electrical charging on satellites or spacecraft?

Short wave fades.

Proton events.

Geomagnetic storms.

Sudden ionospheric disturbances.

27.

1 point

What causes the enhanced ionization of D-layer atoms and molecules which produces signal absorption at high latitudes?

The enhanced influences of the polar caps.

Particle bombardment from space.

The extreme nature of seasonal day and night lengths.

Interaction of particles with aurora.

28.

1 point

A major source for space object positioning errors is

unexpected auroral activity.

radio signal failure.

solar radio bursts.

miscalculated atmospheric drag.

29.

1 point

What effect in not caused by proton events?

Omnidirectional antenna failure.

False sensor readings.

Absorption of high frequency (HF) radio signals.

Satellite disorientation.

30.

1 point

What causes geosynchronous communication satellites to experience interference or blackouts during brief periods on either side of the spring and autumn equinoxes?

Solar conjunctions.

Solar radio noise storms.

Solar radio bursts.

Particle delayed effects.

31.

1 point

During what event did scintillation pose an unanticipated, but very real operational problem?

Operation Desert Storm.

Vietnam War.

World War II.

Operation Deny Hope.

32.

1 point

Geosynchronous orbit suffers whenever the Outer Belt moves inward or outward because

it lies near the outer boundary of the Outer Belt.

it lies near the outer boundary of the Inner Belt.

it lies near the inner boundary of the Inner Belt.

it lies near the inner boundary of the Outer Belt.

33.

1 point

What is associated with strong auroral activity, degraded high frequency (HF) and satellite radio communications, and errors in spacetrack and missile detection radar observations?

Proton events.

Ionospheric storms.

Geomagnetic storms.

Sudden ionospheric disturbances.

34.

1 point

Surface-to-surface radio operators use medium or high frequencies (MF or HF), while SATCOM operators use very high frequencies (VHF) to extreme high frequencies (EHF) because

the higher the frequency the less the degree of refraction cause by the F-layer.

surface based operators use the normal mode of radiowave propagation by default.

the F-layer continually disrupts the use of very high (VHF) and extreme high frequencies (EHF) on the earth.

it has been determined that extreme high frequencies (EHF) cause radio interference on the earth.