Biochem 3-1

1.

1 point

Which of the following is used to shuttle long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta oxidation?

carnitine

CoA

citrate

pyruvate

2.

1 point

Which two of the following have a similar function?

adiponectin

insulin

TNF-alpha

leptin

3.

1 point

What limiting factor can lead to ketone body synthesis?

decreased availability of oxaloacetate

increased triglyceride synethesis

decreased fatty acid breakdown

decreased production of ATP

4.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT in a triglyceride?

fatty acid

glycerol

ester bond

phosphate

5.

1 point

Glycerol is made into glycerol-3-phosphate by what enzyme in adipose tissue?

glycerol kinase

glycerol phosphate acyl transferase

fatty acid synthase

glycerol can only be used in the liver

6.

1 point

Statins work on which of the following enzymes of cholesterol synthesis?

HMG CoA reductase

cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase

HMG CoA synthase

acyl CoA cholesterol transferase

7.

1 point

Which of the following has cholesterol as its precursor?

epinephrine

bile salts

steroid hormones

vitamin D

8.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT considered a ketone body?

acetone

glycerol

acetoacetate

beta-hydroxybutyrate

9.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of adipocytes?

lack of lipoprotein lipase

high levels of hormone sensitive lipase

high levels of glycerol phosphate acyl transferase

high levels of fatty acid transport proteins

10.

1 point

Which of the following disorders occur when phytanic acid accumulates in peroxisomes due to lack of the enzyme?

Adrenoleukodystrophy

Zellweger syndrome

Adult Refsum disease

Jamaican vomiting sickness

11.

1 point

What is the only inhibiter of CPTI in beta-oxidation

ATP

acetyl CoA

malonyl CoA

long chain fatty acids

12.

1 point

What two things could be lacking in patients with Rickets.

vitamin D

sunlight

LDL

triglycerides

vitamin K

13.

1 point

What structure donates the acetyl CoAs to fatty acid synthase?

malonyl CoA

palmitate

HMG-CoA

oxaloacetate

14.

1 point

Cells with scavenger receptors that become engourged with LDL lipids are called what?

enterocytes

macrophages

foam cells

adipocytes

lipidocytes

15.

1 point

Which of the following are allowed to passively diffuse into enterocytes due to being slightly soluble in water.

fatty acids

monoacylglycerols

triglycerides

cholesterol esters

unesterified cholesterol

16.

1 point

What important structure is needed for the synthesis of phospholipids from diacylglycerol?

NADH

cAMP

CDP

ATP

17.

1 point

What enzyme is inhibited by breast cancer drugs?

21-alpha hydroxylase

cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase

estradiol synthase

aromatase

18.

1 point

What enzyme is the rate limiting step of bile acid synthesis?

HMG-CoA synthase

21-alpha hydroxylase

acetyl-CoA carboxylase

cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase

19.

1 point

Which of the following are common factors for metabolic syndrome?

elevated blood pressure

large waist circumference

increased susceptibility to insulin

prothrombotic state

20.

1 point

Which of the following levels are best to check if one suspects a fatty acid oxidation disorder?

acyl carnitine

citrate

ketone bodies

long chain fatty acids

21.

1 point

Which of the following is the rate limiting step of triglyceride synthesis?

glycerol phosphate acyl transferase

glycerol kinase

phosphatidic acid phosphatase

diacylglycerol acyl transferase

22.

1 point

LDL receptors only recognize LDLs

True

False

23.

1 point

Which of the following activate lipoprotein lipase?

apoCII

insulin

apoB100

apoE

24.

1 point

Which of the following is main component of reverse cholesterol transport?

CM

HDL

LDL

VLDL

25.

1 point

Which of the following is inactivated by bile acids?

gastric lipase

pancreatic lipase

phosholipase A2

neutral lipid esterases

26.

1 point

A lipid micelle secreted from enterocytes would uniquely contain which of the following?

apo B-100

apo E

apo B-48

apo CII

27.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a lipolytic enzyme?

Phospholipase A2

Neutral lipid esterase

pancreatic lipase

lingual lipase

cholecystokinin

28.

1 point

In type 2 diabetes SREBP1 functions correctly in the liver but not in adipocytes.

True

False

29.

1 point

Hormone sensitive lipase is active when phosphorylated.

True

False

30.

1 point

Chylomicrons are secreted into the portal system to reach the liver.

True

False

31.

1 point

The elongation of palmitate occurs in the ER or mitochondria.

True

False

32.

1 point

What is the major difference between LDL receptors and scavenger receptors?

scavenger receptors are not downregulated by a high presence of cholesterol

LDL receptors lead to the production of foam cells

LDL receptors are not affected by insulin

scavenger receptors only bind VLDL

33.

1 point

Which of the following would NOT be produced by the oxidation of palmitate?

proprionyl-CoA

FADH2

NADH

acetyl-CoA

34.

1 point

What is the first committed step of fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by?

acetyl CoA carboxylase

fatty acid synthase

glycerol phosphate acyl transferase

HMG CoA synthase

35.

1 point

Which of the following are on the surface monolayer of lipoproteins?

phospholipids

free cholesterol

apolipoproteins

triglycerides

cholesterol esters

36.

1 point

In the synthesis of bile acids, the substrate (cholesterol) is made more what?

amphipathic

hydrophobic

complex

hydrophilic

37.

1 point

Which of the following transcription factors are the target of Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?

PPAR-gamma

TNF-alpha

RTK

SREBP

38.

1 point

How are free fatty acids transported in the blood.

VLDLs

bound to albumin

bound to cholesterol

freely

39.

1 point

ACAT only functions extracellularly.

True

False

40.

1 point

A complex containing SERBP, SCAP, and INSIG would be found where?

ER

nucleus

cystosol

Golgi

41.

1 point

Lack of movement in the intestines aids in emulsification of lipids.

True

False

42.

1 point

Type 2 diabetic patients usually have high than normal triglyceride levels.

True

False

43.

1 point

Which of the following most commonly leads to ketoacidosis?

increased sugar intake

starvation after an alcohol binge

type 1 diabetes

type 2 diabetes

44.

1 point

Lipids do not have double bonds.

True

False

45.

1 point

Acetyl CoA carboxylase is inactive when phosphorylated.

True

False

46.

1 point

What enzyme is deficient in congenital adrenal hyperplasias (where mineralocorticoids cannot be produced)?

aromatase

21-alpha hydroxylase

steroidal synthase

HMG-CoA reductase

7-alpha hydroxylase

47.

1 point

What structure is needed to unsaturate palmitate after its synthesis.

fatty acid synthase

palmitate dehydrogenase

glycerol phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT)

cytochrome B5

48.

1 point

Which of the following enzymes is important for ketone utilization?

HMG CoA reductase

HMG CoA synthase

acetoacetate:succinyl CoA transferase

CPTI

49.

1 point

Increasing the saturation of lipids or their length in turn increases their melting point.

True

False

50.

1 point

LDL becomes most dangerous when it is...

oxidized

dehydrated

saturated

reduced