History Exam (Part 3)

European merchants secured most of their slaves by seizing them in raids in the West African interior.

In general, European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites.

Europeans possessed immunities to the diseases of the region, giving them an advantage in controlling the trade.

African rulers universally opposed the slave trade and worked together to suppress it.

Africans had never been enslaved before European colonization in the New World.

Only Middle Easterners had been used as slaves prior to European invasions of West Africa.

Slavery in the Americas was clearly associated with race and with plantation economies.

Most slaves in the New World were women, whereas most slaves in Africa were men.

use of gunpowder

metallurgy

development of writing

irrigation

origins of agriculture

slavery in the New World was permanent and hereditary, whereas slavery in Africa was often not permanent, rarely hereditary, and usually the result of tribal warfare

slavery in the New World led to automatic freedom for slaves if they converted to Christianity, whereas native Africans had no knowledge of Christianity

slavery in the Old World never involved agricultural labor, whereas slavery in the New World only involved agricultural labor

all slaves in the New World were male, whereas slaves in Africa were both male and female

a Senate.

merchant oligarchic families, such as the Gonzaga and the Medici.

democratically elected politicians.

the parish priest.

a renewed interest in the scientific method at Italian universities.

capitalist values advanced by leading Italian merchant families.

an anti-Catholic movement by leading European intellectuals.

a renewed interest in the classical cultures and individual expressions of Greece and Rome.

in its political structure

in the nature of the flood patterns of its major rivers

in the extent to which its culture was diffused at the same time

in its reliance on natural defense borders

in its existence of social stratification

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Russia increased influence in western Europe

primacy placed in a Senate where state affairs remained

the promotion of slave uprisings

dominant involvement of the plebeian classes in state affairs

strict rules separating military service and political leadership

recruitment of local elites in recently conquered areas to represent the interests of the imperial center

gender parallelism

matriarchy.

gender equality.

patriarchy.

Germanic peoples migrated to Byzantium after fleeing nomadic attackers

the Eastern Orthodox church attracted more followers than the Roman Church

the Eastern Roman world had traditionally been more economically vibrant due ti more active trade links with the Middle and Far East

Popes of the Roman Catholic church maintained harmonious relations with Western feudal lords

the feudal system in the West relied on a trade system made unreliable by harsh winters

tobacco

rice

wheat

sugar

women increasingly tended to large flocks of domesticated animals

women increasingly guided religious worship in village of town temples

women spent most time at the market to trade the family's surplus of farm goods

women took over the roles of foraging and fashioning stone tools

though women initially led in the cultivation of plant , as food surpluses grew, women increasingly cared for more children

Greek- Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Mayan- Central America

Gupta- Arabian Peninsula

Mauryan- Indian Subcontinent

Han- Eastern Asia

They welcomed all Europeans for their technological knowledge.

They welcomed all Europeans as teachers of Christianity, and converted.

They violently expelled all but a few Europeans.

They were powerless in keeping Europeans out of Japan.

wall

city

grand canal

hong kong

developed advanced scientific theories

was highly competitive with Persia

blended Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures

strengthened its hold upon the Mediterranean and European worlds after Alexander's death

contained very little Greek influence

they wished to be leaders of world commerce, as opposed to secondary participants.

for the internal European rivalries, that led European nations to compete with each other for colonies and trade.

to spread Christianity – either Catholicism or Protestantism.

for the international alliances that European nations made with each other to colonize New World areas together.

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river valleys

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Hong Kong

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England

Spain

Netherlands

Portugal