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Crust of the Earth Midterm 2013 Part 1

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1.
1 point
Sediment composed of the remains of plants and animals is __________ sediment.
2.
1 point
Fragments of oceanic lithosphere sometimes found in mélanges along subducting margins are called ______.
3.
1 point
_______ clay is used to make porcelain.
4.
1 point
Partly decayed organic matter in the soil called _________.
5.
1 point
When silt is turned into rock it is called _________.
6.
1 point
Sediment that is carried and deposited by the wind is called ______.
7.
1 point
Deep sea sediments are commonly either calcerous or siliceous _________.
8.
1 point
A _______ is a wave resistant structure built from the skeletons of marine invertebrates.
9.
1 point
When a stream reaches the front of the mountains and is no longer confined in a valley it may spread out and form a ___________.
10.
1 point
When feldspar is chemically weathered ______ minerals are produced.
11.
1 point
A layer of sedimentary rock is called a _______.
12.
1 point
______ weathers quickly by dissolution.
13.
1 point
The low-temperature, low pressure changes that effect sediment after deposition are called ________.
14.
1 point
In pedalfer soils the layer of weathered parent rock is called the ____ horizon.
15.
1 point
In ________ flow the fluid particles travel in an erratic and complex manner.
16.
1 point
Chemical sedimentary rocks often form as _________.
17.
1 point
A bay where fresh water from a river mixes with saltwater is called a ______.
18.
1 point
The upper most layer of regolith that can support plants is called ______.
19.
1 point
A ______ involves rapid displacement of material in a straight line down a steep or slippery slope.
20.
1 point
When hydrogen ions in acidic water alter a mineral the process is called ________.
21.
1 point
Addition of oxygen to the atmosphere at approximately 2.5 billion years ago led to deposition of ______________.
22.
1 point
Iron-bearing minerals are primarily weathered by the process of _______.
23.
1 point
High temperatures and abundant rainfall promote ______ weathering.
24.
1 point
The layer of loose debris on the earth’s surface is called ________.
25.
1 point
Very small particles of volcaniclastic sediment is called ________.
26.
1 point
Calcite and halite are completely removed during chemical weathering by the process of _________.
27.
1 point
In soil profiles the light colored layer which sometimes underlies the A horizon is the _________ horizon.
28.
1 point
In pedalfer soils the dark-colored layer of mixed mineral and organic matter is called the ______ horizon
29.
1 point
Mass-flows that contain water are called _______.
30.
1 point
Weathering of feldspar puts ______ in solution.
31.
1 point
When mud is turned into rock it is called ________.
32.
1 point
Pressure release produces ______ joints along which layers of rock at the surface peel off.
33.
1 point
The suspended load is held up in the flow by __________.
34.
1 point
In ________ flow all the fluid particles travel in parallel layers.
35.
1 point
Precipitates forming a hard layer in hot dry climates are called _________.
36.
1 point
When layering is deposited at an angle to the horizontal it is called _______.
37.
1 point
Sediment moving in a series of short jumps is moving in _________.
38.
1 point
The imperceptibly slow downslope granular flow of regolith is called ________.
39.
1 point
A common mineral which is resistant to weathering is _________.
40.
1 point
The Jurassic aged Navajo Sandstone in the American southwest was deposited by _______ processes.
41.
1 point
The biogenic sedimentary rock formed from shells is called _______.
42.
1 point
Glacially deposited sediment is poorly _______.
43.
1 point
Weathering of iron-bearing minerals produces __________.
44.
1 point
Freezing and thawing of water in cracks breaks rock apart by a process called _________.
45.
1 point
The downslope forces cause ________ on the slope materials.
46.
1 point
The group of processes which turn loose sediment into sedimentary rock are called _______.
47.
1 point
When gravel is turned into rock is called __________.
48.
1 point
When carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater it produces ________.
49.
1 point
Cold temperatures promote __________ weathering.
50.
1 point
In pedalfer soils the red layer where clays and other materials accumulate is the ____ horizon.
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