Infection

1.

1 point

Infect the external body surfaces and causes localized tissue damage (scabies, chiggers, lice, and fleas). Transmission is by direct contact or sharing personal items such as combs and brushes.

ectoparasite

protozoa

helminths

coxiella

2.

1 point

1. incidence and prevalence are expected and stable
2. spread of disease beyond continental boundaries
3. abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease

1. endemic, 2. pandemic, 3. epidemic

1. pandemic, 2. endemic, 3. epidemic

1. epidemic, 2. pandemic, 3. endemic

1. endemic, 2. epidemic, 3. pandemic

3.

1 point

micro-organism and host are both benefited by the interaction

mutualism

commensalism

parasitic relationship

4.

1 point

coxiella is a gram negative intracellular organism that mainly affects

birds

cats

humans

cattle

5.

1 point

List a disease caused by ingestion

6.

1 point

Direct contact is spread through intact mucous membranes and includes STD and vertical transmission

True

False

7.

1 point

Ectoparasites can sometimes act as vectors

True

False

8.

1 point

Which of the following is true about fungi?

part of the normal flora

has two forms- yeast and mold

prokaryote

can be an opportunistic pathogen

9.

1 point

Abrasions, burns, surgery, IV drug use, animal or arthropod bites is what type of portal of entry

direct contact

penetration

inhalation

ingestion

10.

1 point

Malarial parasites require ___ host(s)

0

3

1

2

11.

1 point

Which of the following is false on mycoplasma?

produces a rigid peptidoglycan cell wall

genome is RNA

larger than bacteria

unicellular prokaryote

genome is small DNA

12.

1 point

HIV attacks which types of cells?

13.

1 point

What does a retrovirus consist of?

integrase

DNA

-RNA

plasmid

reverse transcriptase

protease

+RNA

14.

1 point

Yeast is a single cell organism that reproduces by binary fusion

True

False

15.

1 point

Inhalation of pathogen can cause infection through the ____?

16.

1 point

In HIV replication, the DNA in integrated into the host DNA with the help of

protease

reverse transcriptase

integrase

17.

1 point

A pathogen is a micro-organism that does not reside on the host but when it enters the host it causes diseases.

True

False

18.

1 point

What is the prodromal stage of a disease course

resolution of symptoms

having non specific symptoms

begins to replicate but has no symptoms

specific symptoms

19.

1 point

What stage of the disease course is there total elimination of pathogen from the body without residual signs and symptoms

acute stage

incubation stage

resolution

convalescent period

20.

1 point

What is an exotoxin?

found in the cell wall of bacteria

proteins released by bacteria during their growth (by product)

21.

1 point

What type of fungi is capable of growing as yeast at one temperature and mold at another?

22.

1 point

Site of transmission- water, soil, food, air

endogenous

exogenous

gestational

zoonoses

23.

1 point

1. number of new cases of infectious diseases that occur within a defined population over an established period of time
2. Number of active cases at any given time

24.

1 point

In normal condition, does not cause harm to the host but when immunity is weakened it causes disease

normal flora

opportunistic pathogen

pathogen

Parasitic

25.

1 point

binary fusion or asexual reproductions produces identical daughter cells?

True

False

26.

1 point

Which of the following is a process by which a pathogen can enter the body and cause disease?

inhalation

penetration

ingestion

direct contact

27.

1 point

After years of being infected with HIV, the CD4+ count ____ and the viral count _____

decreases, decreases

decreases, increases

increases, increases

increases, decreases

28.

1 point

transfer of nucleic acid by individual contact with the help of transfer factor

conjugation

transduction

transformation

binary fusion

29.

1 point

What type of cells does ehrlichiae target?

Red blood cells

reticulocytes

mononuclear white cells

polymorphonuclear white cells

30.

1 point

Parasite is an organism that desires benefits form its relation with the host.

True

False

31.

1 point

transduction occurs by exchange of plasmid genes or by a viral agent (the bacteriophage)

True

False

32.

1 point

-smallest obligate intracellular pathogen
-replicates only inside living cell
-no organized cellular structure but contains protein coat or capsid, nucleic acid and genome of either DNA or RNA
- may contain lipoproteins

What is being described?

bacteria

parasite

fungi

prion

rickettsiae

virus

33.

1 point

Which of the following is(are) not true about prions?

can not replicate

is associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Kuru disease

causes neurodegenerative diseases

contain single stranded RNA

are protein particles

34.

1 point

Unicellular organism that contains complete cellular machinery including well defined nucleus and organelles.

protozoa

virus

bacteria

prion

35.

1 point

Entry of pathogen through the oral cavity or GI tract

penetration

direct contact

inhalation

ingestion

36.

1 point

In HIV there is a increase in CD4+ cells which affects both humoral, cell mediated immunity and phagocytosis.

True

False

37.

1 point

In HIV replication DNA synthesis from the RNA occurs with the help of

integrase

reverse transcriptase

protease

DNA polymerase

38.

1 point

Plasmid is extra chromosomal piece of circular DNA and may be associated with lesser virulence of bacteria

True

False

39.

1 point

By exposure to nucleic acid remnants of dead bacteria

conjugation

transformation

binary fusion

plasmid

transduction

40.

1 point

Rickettsiae needs a vector (fleas, ticks, and lice) to infect humans

True

False

41.

1 point

which period of the disease course is when the pathogen starts to replicate but does not cause symptoms

convalescent period

incubation period

prodromal period

resolution

42.

1 point

Worm like parasite, which include roundworm, tapeworm, flukes.

ehrilichiae

helminths

protozoa

ectoparasites

43.

1 point

1. presence and multiplication of a living organism on or within the host
2. presence of harmless bacteria in the internal or external exposed surfaces of human body
3. any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another is called a host.

1. infection, 2. host, 3. normal micro flora

1. host, 2. infection, 3. normal micro flora

1. infection, 2. normal micro flora, 3. host

1. host 2. normal micro flora, 3. infection

44.

1 point

disruption in the integrity of body's surface barrier, such as skin or mucous membranes

inhalation

ingestion

penetration

direct contact

45.

1 point

incidence is the number of active cases at any given time

True

False

46.

1 point

Micro-organism acquires nutritional needs and shelter from the host. Benefits to the bacteria but no harm to the host