Plants 2.1

1.

1 point

Although Chytridiomycota is now grouped with the major fungal groups (zygomycota, ascomycota, and basidiomycota), it has many traits which are different from any of the other groups. Which of the following traits DOES IT share with the other major groups?

dikaryotic vegetative colonies

asexual spore produection from conidiophores

coenocytic (i.e. multinucleate cell units)

chitinous cell walls

glycogen stores

1 2 and 4

3 4 and 5

3 4

2.

1 point

Which of the following terms does not describe a common trait, structure, or charcterstic of one or more of the four fungal phyla (Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota)?

dolipore

all describe common trait, structure, or characteristic

conidia

coenocytic (i.e., multi-nucleate cell walls)

gametangia

hymenium

mycorrhizae

zooxanthellae

3.

1 point

which one of the following terms does not describe a common trait, structure, or characterstic of EITHER the ascomycota OR the basiomycota?

haustoria

all describe common trait, structure, or charactrestic

dolipore

zygotic meiosis

septate

conidia

hymenium

mycorrhizae

4.

1 point

polyphagus (member of chytridiomycota) contains chitin cell walls, believed to be closely related to the major fungal groups (ascomyctoa, basidiomyctoca, and zygomycota). what char does it have - common to all chytrids - which is unique compared to major fungal groups?

it is coenocytic

it has rhizoids

it is an autotroph

it has alternate generations

it has motile zoospores

it is always dikryotic

it forms ectomycorrhizae

none of the above

5.

1 point

At what stage in their life cycle are zymgomcetes dikaryotic?

after nuclear division

before nuclearn dvision

after karyogamy

after meiosis

after plasmogamy

during hyphal growth

before plasmogamy

they are not dikaryotic

6.

1 point

which on eof the following terms does NOT describe a common trait, structure, or characterstic of on eor more of the four fungal divisions (chytridiomycota, zygomycota, asocomycota, basidiomycota)?

sporangiophore

septa

dolipore

undulipodium (eukaryotic flagella)

asocomata

pileus

haustorium

all describe a common trait/structure/char

7.

1 point

Many of the fungal groups are coenocytic (contain multiple nuclei in each cell unit), what are the consequences on their sexual cycle?

they must use gametic meiosis

stolons develop from vegetative stage

because ofthe sporangial spores are 1N, meisos never occurs

they must use assexual propgation

whilte mltiple haploid nuclei may be prsent during the first stages of sex, fusion must occur soley between + and - halploid nuclei to form a diploid nuclei

3 and 4

1 and 2

none of the above

8.

1 point

which one of the following terms DOES NOT describe a common trait / strcuture / char between for fungal divisions?

dolipore

all do

gametangia

sporangiophore

haustorium

undulipodium

ascomata

trichogyne

9.

1 point

endomyccorhiziaa are an exmpale of fungal/plant symbiotic relatipshiop. anothe rname for endomycorrhiziae, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae refers to which of th e following char of the symbiotic relationship?

the fungus forms vesicular arbuscular strutures around the plant root

vesicular arbuscture sturctures are only obsered in ectomycorrhizae

mycorrhizae does not have vesciular arbuscular

the fungi surrounding plant root has veiscular structure

fungal vesciles

the symbiotic relation

the fungi invades the plant cell, forming a char tree-like structure within the plant cell

none of the above

10.

1 point

identify the numbered stage in the wheat rust with the following life cycle event:

PLASMOGAMY

1

2

3

4

5

11.

1 point

identify the numbered stage in the wheat rust with the following life cycle event:

MEIOSIS

1

2

3

4

5

12.

1 point

identify the numbered stage in the wheat rust with the following life cycle event:

KARYOGAMY

1

2

3

4

5

13.

1 point

identify the numbered stage in the wheat rust when it is stable dikaryon

1

2

3

4

5

1 and 3

2 and 3

3 and 5

14.

1 point

identify the numbered stage in the wheat rust with the following life cycle event:

HETEROKARYON

1

2

3

4

5

1 and 2

2 and 3

none of the above

15.

1 point

identify the numbered stage in the wheat rust with the following life cycle event:

Diploid

1

2

3

4

5

1 and 2

2 and 3

none

16.

1 point

identify the numbered stage in the wheat rust with the following life cycle event:

which of the following stages contribue to the most ability of the rust fungus to optimize pathogenicity?

basidio and urediino

uredinio and aecio

telio and aecio

all spores

uredinio and telio

basio and telio

basio and aceio

17.

1 point

A is

zygomy

gastero

hymen

basidio

usti

telio

liche

asco

18.

1 point

B is

telio

lichen

basidio

hymen

asco

zygomy

gastero

usti

19.

1 point

amonghst zygo, asco, and basidiomycotca, which of the following chars are unique to ONLY ONE of the phyla?

crozier

persistant dikyarotic stage

mycelia

clamp connections

haustoria

1 2 3

1 2 4

1 4 5

20.

1 point

conidium are

small mass of vegetaive tissue

a projection of fungal

the strips of tissue

none of the below

a touch reistat nitroten containing

an asexual fungal spore not contained within a sporangium

a single tubular filment

a flattened, hyphal organ

21.

1 point

chitin are

a projection of fungal hypha

an asexual fungal spore

none

small mass

single tbular filmaent

a tough resistnt, nitrogen-cotning polysacchride forming the cell walls of certain fungi

flatted

strips of tissue

22.

1 point

appressorium

toug

single

small mass

asexual

a flattened, hypha organ, from which minute infection peg grows and enters the host

strips

23.

1 point

ascom

telio

hymen

basidi

ustil

gastero

zygom

chytri

24.

1 point

which of the following belong to the funga division zygomycota

amani

ustila

entomo

coprinus

glomus

none

psilocybe

asperg

25.

1 point

at what stage in their life cycle are ascomycetes dikaryotic?

before lasmogamy

after karyogamy

after plasmogamy

before nuclear division

they are never dikaryotic

after nuclear divsion

after meisis

during mycelial growth

26.

1 point

identify the numbered stage in the wheat rust with the following life cycle event:

Haploid

3

1

5

none

4

2 and 3

1 and 2

2

27.

1 point

which one of the following terms does NOT describe a commont rait, structure, char of one or more of fungal dvisions?

theca

sterigma

gametangia

pileus

hymenium

all do

basiomata

gleba

28.

1 point

What advantages does a mycorrhizal fungi obtain from teh plant symbiont?

hartig net

arbuscules

fungal symbiont contains phosphorous

plant symbiont provides photosnthate to fungal symbiont

2 and 3

2 and 4

3 and 4

all

29.

1 point

glomus (member of zygomycota) important because?

causes soft rot

cuases glmus blight

many members of glmomus form an intrimate symbiotic relation with the roots of plants (the endomycorrhizae)

golmus is often a pathogen of insects

glomis is a mjor fungal group forming intmiate symbiotic relation with algae

glomus is a common spoilage mold

golums is used for moleculre genetic research

none of the above

30.

1 point

amongst the fo fungal phyla, whico f the following char is unique to only to one of the four phyla

coenocytic

chytriodspore, zygospre, ascospor, and basiiodpsore are

only chytridiomycota has non-motile spores

only chytridiomycota hasmotile spores

only basidiomycota has a dikaryotic stage in life cycle

only ascomycoha has dikaryotic stagein life cycle

1 and 4

none

31.

1 point

amgonst ascomycota nd basidiomycota, which are unqiue to only one of the two phyla?

crozier

haustoria

mycelia

clamp connections

persistent dikaryotic stage

1 and 2

1 and 4

1 4 5

32.

1 point

which of the following genera belong to the fungal divison Ascomycota?

asper

ustila

copri

entomo

none of the above

rhizo

aminita

psilo

33.

1 point

what advantages does a mycorrhizal fungi obtain fromt he plant symbiont?

fungal symbiont obtains phosphorus and other essential nutrins from plant symbiont

the plant provides phosphorous to fungi

arbuscules

hartig net

As a heterotroph, the fungal symbiont relies on photosynthate from the plant symbiont, the plant receives phosphorus from fungi

34.

1 point

which genera has primitive eye that guides sproangiphore towards light?

sacchromcyes

alloyces

cladonia

aspergillus

ustilago

rhizopus

pilobolus

entomophthora

none

35.

1 point

A is

perithecia

entomopthoralis

armillaria

zoospore

basidum

pilobolus

36.

1 point

B is

2 and 4

3 and 4

basidiomycete

zygomycet

chorophyta

ascomycete

1 and 4

all

37.

1 point

B is

lichen

ascomycete

basidio

chloro

none of the above

1 and 2

2 and 3

3 and 4

38.

1 point

Regarding B:

Which of the labeled regions identifies the location of the photobiont in the vegetative structure?

1

2

3

4

5

6

2 and 4

2 and 5

39.

1 point

Regarding B:

Which of the labeled regions identifies the location of the mycobiontin the vegetative structure?

none of the regions

all of the regions

3 4 5

2 5 6

1 6

6

2 4

2 5

40.

1 point

zygomycota distinguishing characteristic is

dikaryotic

ascomata

zoospre

septate

aseptate

dolipore

karyogamy

conidia

41.

1 point

ascomycota distinguishing characteristic is

ascomata

karyogamy

zoospore

dikaryotic

conidia

dolipore

aseptate

septate

42.

1 point

basidomycota distinguishing characteristic is

zoospre

conidia

dolipore

karyogamy

aseptate

ascomata

septate

dikaryotic

43.

1 point

chytridiomycota distinguishing characteristic (s) is / are

slender rhizoids

unicelluar

chitin walls

aseptate

undulipodium

ascopsore

1 and 3

1 and 5

44.

1 point

which one of the four major phyla of fungal kingom are characerized by clamp connections?

basidiomycete

teliomycete

gastromycete

lichens

chytriomycete

zygomycete

hymenomycete

ascomycete

45.

1 point

A is

ustilago

telio

gastero

chytridiomycete

hymeno

zygo

basiio

lichen

46.

1 point

B is

zygomy

gastero

ustilago

ascomycete

lichen

basidio

hymeno

telio

47.

1 point

phycomyces is an experimenta organim used to study whcih of the following properties of walled cells in terestrial environment?

heterokaryon conjugation

heterogamy

action potentials

slow death

programmed call death

repair of uv-induced dna damage

hydrostatic pressure

ethanol production

48.

1 point

septum is

partitions / cross-walls of hypha

cell or multiceclure stricture

small mass of vegetative tissue

strips of tissue on understide of cap

single tubular filament

touph resitent nitrogen containing polysaccharide

49.

1 point

haustorium

small mass of vegetaiv etissue

cell or multicllaure strictur

strips of tissue

projection of fungal hypoa

single tubular filament of fungus

projection of fungal hypha that functions as penetrating and absorbing organ

sexual fungal spore

none of the above

50.

1 point

gill is?

cell or multicelular structure

strips of tissue on the underside of cap of many hymenocytes

touch reistant nitrogen-containg polysaccharide

asexual fungal spore

small mass of vegetative tissue