Memory 1: Measures of Retention and Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

When Lawrence was at high school, he took ten months to learn a list of Italian vocabulary. Ten years later, he decided to relearn the same information and it took him two months to learn the material to the same level he learned it at high school.
The saving Lawrence has made in re-learning the material is

Why are recognition tasks more sensitive measures of retention than recall?

Sam is able to retain the vocabulary he learned in his French class long after the class has ended. The main memory process that accounts for the fact that Sam can hold information in his memory for extended periods of time is

Which of the following is the least sensitive measure of memory retention?

The process by which sensory information is converted into a form that can be stored by the memory system is known as

Many students complain that they study for an exam and know the material well but later, when they are in the exam, they are unable to recall the information.
This is most likely due to difficulty with

The most sensitive measure of memory is

When Jane was 19 she completed the first two units of a German language course. Ten years later, she began the course again and found that she learned the material in the first two units 25% more quickly than she did originally.
This is probably because

Short Answer questions on a test are examples of which of the following:

Mark performs much better on multiple-choice tests than on open-ended short-answer questions. This effect is due to Mark benefiting from which form of retrieval from the long-term store?