Chapter 17 Test

1.

1 point

The conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II occurs primarily in the

liver

adrenal cortex

kidneys

lungs

2.

1 point

The ability of the kidneys to maintain a relatively constant GFR despite fluctuating blood pressures is called

renal plasma threshold

renal transport maximum.

renal plasma clearance

renal autoregulation

3.

1 point

The main region of aldosterone action is the

distal convoluted tubule

proximal convoluted tubule

medullary collecting duct

cortical collecting duct

4.

1 point

Glomerular filtration would be decreased by

increased plasma protein concentration

increased glomerular filtrate protein concentration

decreased glomerular hydrostatic pressure

increased mean arterial pressure

5.

1 point

The renal pelvis receives urine from the

minor calyces

ureters

renal pyramids

major calyces

6.

1 point

_______________ is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in which progressive renal failure develops due to expanded portions of the renal tubule.

Glomerulonephritis

Renal calculus

Polycystic kidney disease

Pyelonephritis

7.

1 point

The concentration of renal filtrate is highest in the

proximal convoluted tubule

base of the Loop of Henle.

distal convoluted tubule

cortical portion of the collecting duct

8.

1 point

Inhibition of the functions of the descending limb of the loop of Henle would stimulate

decreased water reabsorption

increased Na+ reasbsorption

decreased Na+ reabsorption

increased water reabsorption

9.

1 point

Loop diuretics such as Lasix

inhibit the actions of ADH

add extra solutes to the filtrate

inhibit active transport of salt out of the ascending loop of Henle limb

inhibit salt transport in the first section of the distal convoluted tubule

10.

1 point

The _______________ nephrons play an important role in producing concentrated urine.

juxtamedullary

cortical

pelvic

calical

11.

1 point

Decreased glomerular filtration rate would

increase plasma protein clearance rate

increase plasma urea clearance rate

decrease plasma creatinine clearance rate

decrease plasma glucose clearance rate

12.

1 point

Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures?

distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule

proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle

Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

loop of Henle, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule

13.

1 point

_________ is a nonsalt molecule that contributes to the hypertonicity of the interstitial fluid of the renal tubules.

Urea

Protein

Creatinine

Xenobiotic molecule

14.

1 point

The __________ is the functional unit of the kidney

calyx

nephron

neuron

medulla

15.

1 point

In response to alkalosis

the kidney maximally reabsorbs bicarbonate

the kidney excretes bicarbonate

excess H+ enters the tubular filtrate

tubular carbonic anhydrase is inhibited

16.

1 point

Shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat

polycystic kidney disease

glomerulonephritis

acute renal failure

renal calculi

17.

1 point

Tubular ultrafiltrate enters the collecting duct from the

glomerulus

loop of Henle

distal convoluted tubule

proximal convoluted tubule

18.

1 point

Damage to __________ neurons would impair micturition

parasympathetic

sympathetic

somatic motor

association

19.

1 point

If the rate of urine formation is 2 ml/min, the urine inulin concentration is 25 mg/ml, and the plasma inulin concentration 0.5 mg/ml, then the GFR is

0.04 mL/min

100 mL/min

6.25 mL/min

None of the choices are correct

20.

1 point

Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by a(n) ____ in blood Na+ or a(n) ___ in blood K+.

increase, decrease

increase, increase

decrease, increase

decrease, decrease

21.

1 point

Antidiuretic hormone

stimulates water reabsorption by the kidney

induces fusion of aquaporin containing vesicles with the plasma membrane

is secreted in response to dehydration

All of the choices are correct

22.

1 point

The obligatory water loss needed to excrete metabolic wastes is _____ per day.

300 mL

400 mL

600 mL

800 mL

23.

1 point

Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond to decreased blood volume and increased sympathetic nerve activity by secreting

renin

inulin

angiotensinogen

natriuretic hormone

24.

1 point

Renal insufficiency

stimulates metabolic alkalosis

often results from dialysis

may occur as a result of arteriosclerosis

stimulates hypokalemia

25.

1 point

The __________ is a capillary network that produces a blood filtrate that enters the urinary tubules.

vasa recta

peritubular capillary

glomerulus

interlobar capillary

26.

1 point

The actions of the kidney include regulation of

blood plasma pH

blood plasma volume

blood plasma electrolyte concentration

All of the choices are correct

27.

1 point

Incontinence could develop as a result of

pressure on the detrusor muscle

poor bladder compliance

damage to the external urethral sphincter

All of the choices are correct

28.

1 point

Countercurrent multiplication occurs by the actions of the

vasa recta

peritubular capillaries

loop of Henle

Both vasa recta and loop of Henle are correct

29.

1 point

Urea transport in the collecting duct is a(n) __________ process.

active

passive

exocytosis

endocytosis

30.

1 point

What structure is an arteriole capillary bed - drained by an arteriole instead of a venule?

peritubular capillaries

vasa recta

glomerulus

juxtaglomerular apparatus

31.

1 point

________ are composed of crystals and proteins that grow until they break loose and pass into the urine collection system

Renal columns

Renal calculi

Renal calyces

Renal pyramids