Ecology

1.

1 point

The photic zone

is where chemosynthetic bacteria are the producers.

is deep, cold, and permanently dark.

extends to a depth of about 200 meters.

extends to the bottom of the open ocean.

2.

1 point

Which are two ways a population can decrease in size?

immigration and emigration

decreased birthrate and emigration

emigration and increased birthrate

increased death rate and immigration

3.

1 point

Because of biogeochemical cycling,

human activity has no effect on elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter.

nutrients are circulated throughout the biosphere.

living organisms are not limited by any one nutrient.

many nutrients do not reach toxic concentrations in the biosphere.

4.

1 point

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is

commensalism

predation

mutualism

parasitism

5.

1 point

Biodiversity is valuable partly because it

contributes to medicine and agriculture.

gives us interesting things to look at.

tells us about many other species.

provides humans with resistance to disease.

6.

1 point

How are species diversity and genetic diversity different?

Species diversity is evaluated only in ecosystems, while genetic diversity is evaluated in the entire biosphere.

Conservation biology is concerned with species diversity, but not with genetic diversity.

Species diversity measures the number of individuals of a species, while genetic diversity measures the total variety of species.

Species diversity measures the number of species in the biosphere, while genetic diversity measures the variety of genes in the biosphere, including genetic variation within species.

7.

1 point

The movement of organisms into a range is called

emigration.

immigration.

carrying capacity.

population shift.

8.

1 point

Which landforms are not classified into a major biome?

prairies

islands

mountain ranges

coastlines

9.

1 point

An example of a renewable resource is

trees.

oil.

natural gas.

coal.

10.

1 point

The story of Never Cry Wolf occurs mostly in which biome?

Tundra

Tropical dry forest

Desert

Taiga

11.

1 point

How does an area’s weather differ from the area’s climate?

c. An area’s weather does not change very much and an area’s climate changes many times.

Weather is the area’s day-to-day conditions and climate is the area’s average conditions.

Weather involves temperature and precipitation and climate involves only temperature.

An area’s weather depends on where it is located on Earth and the area’s climate does not.

12.

1 point

Which two biomes have the least precipitation?

tundra and desert

tropical savanna and tropical dry forest

tropical rain forest and temperate grassland

boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland

13.

1 point

What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids?

biotic, abiotic, and nutrient

energy, nutrient, and trophic

producer, consumer, and decomposer

energy, biomass, and numbers

14.

1 point

What is the “wolf problem”, as described to Farley by the Canadian Government?

The trappers and being killed by the wolves

The wolves are being killed by trappers

The caribou are being killed by wolves

The caribou are being killed by trappers

15.

1 point

Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?

algae

chemosynthetic bacteria

photosynthetic bacteria

trees

16.

1 point

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT

decomposition of plants and animals.

photosynthesis.

burning of fossil fuels.

transpiration.

17.

1 point

Something that controls the growth or size of a population is

the growth rate.

the carrying capacity.

a limiting factor.

a growth factor.

18.

1 point

The algae at the beginning of a food chain are

primary consumers.

primary producers.

decomposers.

heterotrophs.

19.

1 point

Introduced species can threaten biodiversity because they can

crowd out native species.

reduce the amount of fertile land.

cause desertification.

cause biological magnification.

20.

1 point

The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called

the condensation cycle.

precipitation.

evaporation.

the water cycle

21.

1 point

How is parasitism different from commensalism?

One organism is harmed in parasitism and both organisms are harmed in commensalism.

One organism benefits in parasitism and no organisms benefit in commensalism.

One organism is harmed in parasitism and no organisms are harmed in commensalism.

Both organisms benefit in parasitism and only one organism benefits in commensalism.

22.

1 point

In Never Cry Wolf the wolves and the human hunters are both trying to get the caribou. They would be described as having which type of competition

Interspecific

Intraspecific

Extraspecific

Extraterrestrial

23.

1 point

Most of the worldwide human population is growing exponentially because

human populations have not reached their exponential curve.

most countries have not yet completed the demographic transition.

human populations do not conform to the logistic model.

the food supply is limitless.

24.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a freshwater ecosystem?

a lake

a river

an estuary

a stream

25.

1 point

Sea otters live in the ocean. Which of the following is NOT likely to be a limiting factor on the sea otter population?

drought

disease

predation

competition

26.

1 point

Breathable air and drinkable water are

not easy to find in healthy ecosystems.

always free to everyone.

examples of ecosystem goods and services.

provided by city governments.

27.

1 point

Organisms need nutrients in order to

carry out nitrogen fixation.

utilize hydrogen and oxygen

recycle chemical compounds.

carry out essential life functions.

28.

1 point

In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?

They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

They both directly consume producers.

They both use photosynthesis to make their own food.

They both are considered to be autotrophs.

29.

1 point

Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?

earthquake

emigration

parasitism

disease

30.

1 point

How soon after a kill do the wolves start to hunt again?

Immediately

They make one kill per winter

About a month later

After a few days

31.

1 point

The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called

economy.

modeling.

ecology.

recycling.

32.

1 point

An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants is called

predation

carnivory.

symbiosis

herbivory.

33.

1 point

The anticipated human population by the year 2050 is about

7.8 billion.

78 billion.

9 trillion.

9 billion.

34.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a part of normal wolf diet?

Caribou

Mice

Fish

Humans

35.

1 point

As resources in a population become less available, the population

declines rapidly.

reaches carrying capacity.

enters a phase of exponential growth.

increases slowly.

36.

1 point

One measure of the human impact on the biosphere is called

an ecological footprint.

an ecological hot spot.

biological magnification.

biodiversity.

37.

1 point

Why is an organism’s niche like a person’s occupation?

A niche is a “factory” where organisms build things.

An organism makes “money” by working in its niche

An organism can “make a living” and survive in its niche.

A niche is a “company” that the organism has to work in.

38.

1 point

What is at the base of all ecological pyramids?

consumers

producers

decomposers

scavengers

39.

1 point

Demography is the scientific study of

parasitism and disease.

modernized countries.

human populations.

none of the above