Nigeria/Sample Exam One

1.

1 point

Like Mexico in its pre-democracy days, state corporations in Nigeria currently is most directly represented by its

military

foreign-owned companies

federal courts

para-statals

electoral system

2.

1 point

Which of the following accurately compares the Nigerian military to the Iranian military?

The military in both countries controls the government.

The military in both countries actively participates in policymaking.

In Iran, the military actively participates in policymaking; in Nigeria, the military does not.

In Nigeria, the military actively participates in policymaking; in Iran, the military does not.

The military in neither country actively participates in policymaking.

3.

1 point

Like Iran, an important source of legitimacy in Nigeria's north has been

family traditions

the constitution

sharia

nationalism

revolutionary ideals

4.

1 point

Which of the following is the most important reason why it is difficult to tabulate the percentage of eligible voters who have actually voted in recent elections in Nigeria?

No international poll watchers go to Nigeria, so no one has the expertise to take the polls.

Voter fraud and inability of legitimate voters to cast their ballots make voter rates difficult to calculate.

Political parties control poll numbers, so they are not reliable.

Very few Nigerians bother to vote, so numbers are too low to count

Many Nigerians do not tell the truth when answering poll questions?

5.

1 point

In Iran, the people who belong to the faction that believes that the government should take an active form in controlling the economy are called

reformers

pragmatists

free-marketers

statists

conservatives

6.

1 point

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Independent National Election Committee (INEC) in Nigeria and the Instituto Federal Electoral (IFE) in Mexico?

Neither body has been able to successfully regulate elections.

Neither body has allowed international observers to monitor elections.

Both bodies have successfully prevented major protests from erupting over election results since 1990.

Both bodies have concentrated on media coverage but have made few reforms restricting campaign spending or election monitoring.

Although the INEC initiated reforms before the election of 2011, the reform process of the IFE is better established.

7.

1 point

Which of the following most accurately describes the representation model for states in the Nigerian Senate?

Each state is equally represented, with three senators each.

Senators are elected from single-member districts with relatively equal numbers of voters.

States with large populations have five senators each; states with small populations have three senators each.

Senators are chosen according to religious affiliation, with equal numbers of Christians and Muslims from each state.

Senators are chosen in each states by an electoral college.

8.

1 point

Protests after the election of 2011 were sparked by President Jonathan's perceived violation of

rules set in place by the INEC

a fair allotment of oil production for domestic companies

his promise to eliminate para-statals

his promise to provide electric power to more Nigerians

the informal rule of alternating presidents from the north and south

9.

1 point

In contrast to the government's population policies in Russia, the government's population policies in Iran since the late 1980s have focused on

lowering the birth rate

moving people from cities to rural areas

encouraging immigration to other countries

supporting large families

increasing the death rate

10.

1 point

The requirement that a president must receive at least 25% of all the votes cast in 2/3 of the states is intended to ensure that

voting rates are relatively similar in all states

the candidate of the elites will not automatically win

no candidate will win in the first round

the candidate with the most political experience will win

a purely regional candidate cannot win the presidency

11.

1 point

Nigeria's Gini index is high, which means that the country has a

great deal of wealth

low rate of literacy

high percentage of trade that is international

large gap between the rich and the poor

large gap between the overall status of men v. women

12.

1 point

Nigeria's prebendalism is an example of a political culture characterized by

a high level of transparency

patron-clientelism

indirect rule

para-statals

ethnic conflicts

13.

1 point

The two religions that have intensified ethnic conflicts in Nigeria are

Islam and Judaism

Islam and Christianity

Hinduism and Islam

Christianity and animism

Hinduism and Christianity

14.

1 point

During the colonial days, Britain strengthened the authority of the traditional chiefs, often resulting in

fewer ethnic conflicts

the loosening of the chiefs' responsibility to the people

a more democratic rule

a desire for independence

less emphasis on individualism

15.

1 point

Economic structural adjustment programs in both Nigeria and Greece are meant to

keep international organizations from getting involved with national politics

increase rents

strengthen the value of the countries' main product for export

reduce huge national debts

nationalize private businesses

16.

1 point

In pre-colonial days, southern Nigeria was more likely than northern Nigeria to

be isolated from trade with outsiders

follow Islamic traditions

have authoritarian rulers

have weak village leaders

have little political organization beyond the village level

17.

1 point

In Iran, the head of state is the

Guardian Council

supreme leader

prime minister

speaker of the Majles

president

18.

1 point

In Nigeria, China, and Mexico, clientelism is almost always accompanied by

corruption

growth of the GNP

higher HDI scores

neo-corporatism

privatization of the economy

19.

1 point

Which of the following are directly elected by the people in Iran?

I. Supreme Leader
II. Guardian Council
III. President
IV. Majles

I, III, and IV only

II and III only

I, II, III, and IV

III and IV only

I and III only

20.

1 point

Afrobarometer surveys generally show that the majority of Nigerians think that

present economic conditions are very bad or fairly bad

corruption levels are improving and the government is cleaner than it once was

the quality of the 2011 election was worse than the election of 2007

democracy is a form of government that will never work in Nigeria

the police are generally good protectors of law and order

21.

1 point

Ultimate legal authority in Iran rests in

the Constitution of 1979

the Guardian Council

the Majles

qanun

sharia law

22.

1 point

A negative effect of federalism in Nigeria has been the

domination of the north over the south in the executive branch

unequal representation of states in the Senate

bloating and promoting of corruption within the bureaucracy

domination of the executive over the legislative branch

unequal distribution of resources in favor of the south

23.

1 point

The principle that recognizes people of all ethnicity, religions, and regions, and takes their needs into account in the policymaking process inNigeria is called

constitutionalism

prebendalism

interest group pluralism

federal character

kinship-based politics

24.

1 point

Mexico's PEMEX and Nigeria's Power Holding Company are both

para-statals

cabinet-level government agencies

nongovernmental organizations

private domestically owned companies

international companies

25.

1 point

The loyalty pyramid, prebendalism, and patrimonialism are all Nigerian versions of

integration

patron clientelism

co-optation

economic liberalization

pluralism

26.

1 point

Candidates for legislative seats in Iran must be approved by the

Supreme Court

Assembly of Religious Experts

Expediency Council

Guardian Council

President

27.

1 point

Which of the following regions of Nigeria is dominated by the Yoruba?

Southwest

Northwest

Middle Belt

Southeast

Northeast

28.

1 point

In comparison to Britain and Russia, the literacy rates in Iran and Nigeria

are higher for both men and women

are higher for women, but lower for men

show a larger gap between literacy rates for men and literacy rates for women

are higher for men, but lower for women

show a smaller gap between literacy rates for men and literacy rates for women

29.

1 point

Which of the following pairs of countries are most clearly rentier states?

Britain and Nigeria

Mexico and Iran

Iran and Nigeria

Russa and Mexico

Nigeria and China

30.

1 point

The most important institution that has provided Nigeria with stability since its independence has been the

judiciary

Catholic Church

presidency

legislature

military

31.

1 point

In Nigeria's early days of independence, parliamentary-style government failed mainly because of

oil monopolies

inefficient voting procedures

ethnic divisions

British interference

the desire to have a single source of executive power- the president

32.

1 point

The main goal of the Igbo during the Biafran Civil War of the late 1960s was to

unify the country

solidify northern dominance

gain independence from Nigeria

institute military rule

eliminate political corruption

33.

1 point

Between 1966 and 1993, Nigeria experienced a

decline in the influence of patron-client networks

resurgence in its dependency on Britain

series of military coup d'états

successful parliamentary-style government

gradual cleanup of its most corrupt politicians

34.

1 point

Which of the following has been the dominant political party in the most recent Nigerian elections?

The Congress for Progressive Change

The People's Democratic Party

African Renaissance Party

Action Congress of Nigeria

All Progressive Congress

35.

1 point

Which of the following countries has the "cleanest" government, according to Transparency International?

Iran

Britain

Nigeria

Russia

Mexico

36.

1 point

Which of the following groups of countries have economies that are almost completely dependent on one product: oil?

Britain, Nigeria, and Iran

Russia, Britain, and Mexico

Nigeria, Iran, and Mexico

Russia, China, and Mexico

China, Nigeria, and Iran

37.

1 point

The three largest ethnic groups in Nigeria are the

Ewondo, Ogoni, and Tarok

Edo, Tarok, and Hausa-Fulani

Yoruba, Hausa-Fulani, and Igbo

Ede, Fang, and Bulu

Yoruba, Ogoni, and Igbo

38.

1 point

Which of the following paris of governments have a federalist structure?

Russia and Britain

Nigeria and Mexico

Russia and China

Mexico and China

Britain and Nigeria

39.

1 point

The patron-client system headed by the Nigerian president, who dispenses government jobs and resources as rewards to supporters is known as

structural adjustment

rent-seeking

"transmission belt" policy

patrimonialism

neo-corporatism

40.

1 point

The dilemma known as the "national question" is one that asks whether

or not Nigeria should remain as one nation

to promote international trade or national self sufficiency

Nigeria should be dominated by the north or the south

policymaking power should rest in the nation's capital, Abuja, or the largest city, Lagos

to have military or civilian rule

41.

1 point

Which of the following pairs of countries have elected representatives to the upper house of the legislature?

Russia and Britain

Iran and Russia

Nigeria and Mexico

Britain and Nigeria

Russia and Mexico

42.

1 point

Britain brought western-style education to Nigeria in the late 19th century, which had the effect of

better educating almost all Nigerian children

deepening the rift between north and south

alienating Christians in the mid-section of the country

weakening the power of elites

increasing Nigerians' sense of loyalty to Britain

43.

1 point

The Zapatista rebellion in Mexico and the Biafran Civil War in Nigeria were both conflicts based on

desire for independence

desire for democracy

the wide gap between the rich and the poor

ethnicity

disputes over oil