Critical Thinking Final Review Part 6

1.

4 points

________ communicates meaning, passion, and intensity.

Voice

Anonymity

Reason

Telepathy

2.

4 points

Karl is drafting a summary of his argument in support of socialized medicine. He is in what phase of writing an effective essay?

editing

rewriting

prewriting

writing

3.

4 points

Aileen is teaching a critical thinking class. She explains to her students that the trajectory of empirical reasoning is

top down.

bottom up.

sideways.

circular.

4.

4 points

Which of the following adjectives describes empirical reasoning?

closed

deductive

illogical

inductive

5.

4 points

What is the purpose of persuasive writing?

to circumvent a solution

to make the author's case

to avoid logical reasoning

to evaluate an argument's soundness

6.

4 points

Anna asks herself, "Which of the three primary arguments for changing the voting age to 16 should I explain first in order to engage and convince my audience?" She is

unclear about her purpose.

not thinking about it correctly.

thinking tactically.

formulating a strategy.

7.

4 points

Jason wants to write an essay on abortion. He's not quite sure what he wants to communicate. What piece of advice would the authors of this textbook give him?

Don't write if you don't know why you're writing it.

It's your audience's job to figure out why you've written something.

You don't always need a purpose to write something.

Good grammar is more important than communication anyways.

8.

4 points

Empirical reasoning is also called

top down thinking.

lateral thinking.

bottom up thinking.

reasoned thinking.

9.

4 points

Matt teaches a first-year writing course at the local college. What does he tell his students about finding sources?

Never use Google to search for sources.

Most sources out there are credible.

Read through source material before formulating your thesis.

The best sources come from Google searches.

10.

4 points

Karen is experienced with giving corporate presentations. What piece of advice would she give a junior colleague regarding his upcoming presentation?

Parenthetical expressions help clarify your ideas.

State your thesis early on in the presentation.

Plagiarism is fine as long as you don't get caught.

Headings and subheadings usually confuse the audience.

11.

4 points

You have been assigned to write an essay for your history course. Which of the following is an example of a piece of advice the authors of the text would give you?

Reserve judgment about your topic until you have thoroughly researched it.

Only read one or two sources while conducting your research.

Write it as if you were writing a letter to a friend.

Ask your professor to come up with your thesis statement for you.

12.

4 points

What is one of the advantages of creating specific conditions in a lab?

Heuristic thinkers are prone to distraction.

Ideological thinking thrives in this setting.

Deductive reasoning can be carefully controlled.

Influences of extraneous factors can be reduced.

13.

4 points

Eve has been searching for credible sources online. What is one of the criteria she should use to weed out less credible sources?

Can the source be found on Google?

Is the source general enough?

Is the article in MLA format?

Is the source unbiased?

14.

4 points

Which of the following is a characteristic of empirical reasoning?

It is open to self-corrective reasoning.

It is based on overarching ideologies.

It is circular in nature.

It typically leads nowhere.

15.

4 points

Mary is a strong critical thinker. She knows that

all deductive reasoning is ideological.

not all inductive reasoning is empirical.

all inductive reasoning is empirical.

not all deductive reasoning is ideological.

16.

4 points

Jeanne teaches writing courses at a local college. Over the years, she's come to discover that

you can never have too many thesis statements.

not all strong critical thinkers are effective writers.

effective writers are born, not made.

mechanics are more important than voice.

17.

4 points

As an effective writer, Jillian knows that her work should typically

revolve around one main idea or purpose.

have 5 or more claims.

abandon tactics for heuristics.

prioritize voice over audience.

18.

4 points

Maria received a D on her first college essay. What would the authors of this textbook tell her?

Keep practicing and your writing skills will improve.

Try putting your thesis in the middle of the essay next time.

It is not likely that you will become an effective writer.

Use spellcheck next time and you will get an A.

19.

4 points

Mason is a researcher who believes that his premises should be accepted based on the fact that he has a Ph.D. in chemistry. What can be said about this situation?

If he has a Ph.D., that must mean he is always correct.

If he is a scientific researcher, he must be prone to using heuristics.

He respects the basic nature of empirical reasoning.

He is ignoring the important step of independent verification.

20.

4 points

Marjorie conducts her experiments in a highly controlled lab. What is one of the possible effects of conducting an experiment in this type of setting?

Extraneous factors cannot easily be reduced.

The generalizability of the findings may be weakened.

The scientific method loses its validity.

The researchers become biased.

21.

4 points

As a scientist, Marcus knows that empirical reasoning has an edge over comparative or ideological reasoning because

of its built-in capacity for self-monitoring.

of its heuristic bent.

of its top-down reasoning.

of its ideological nature.

22.

4 points

Jeff has been asked to write an article for an academic journal. He doesn't know all of the specifics, but he can start to imagine what the final version should be like based on

context.

heuristics.

strategy.

tactics.

23.

4 points

Caroline wants to connect with her audience. Of the choices listed below, what is the most important thing she can do to accomplish this?

Appeal to her audience's core values.

Answer her audience's questions before they ask them.

Publish an unedited version of her book

Use extremely elevated language to impress them.

24.

4 points

Kurt is a scientist who frequently uses empirical reasoning. He knows that

peer review is not as important as others make it out to be.

the steps in the scientific process are frequently done out of order.

errors never occur in empirical reasoning.

making accurate predictions depends on knowing how to explain causes.

25.

4 points

According to the text, to be a good writer, one must

think like an effective writer.

take an advanced writing class

always use MLA style.

only cite recognizable sources.