Biology Q 2

1.

1 point

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?

light flashes emitted by a firefly

a molecule of glucose

the muscle contractions of a person mowing grass

water rushing over Niagara Falls

2.

1 point

Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence:
Nucleotides are to __________ as __________ are to proteins

glycosidic linkages; polypeptide linkages

genes; enzymes

nucleic acids; amino acids

amino acids; polypeptides

3.

1 point

The more heat released by a reaction, the

greater the conservation of energy

less the increase in entropy

greater the amount of potential energy in the products of the reaction

greater the increase in entropy

4.

1 point

Which of these is not a component of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

transport vesicles

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

5.

1 point

What is the change in free energy at chemical equilibrium?

slightly increasing

slightly decreasing

greatly increasing

There is no net change

6.

1 point

Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence:
Catabolism is to anabolism as __________ is to __________

exergonic; endergonic

exergonic; spontaneous

work; energy

free energy; entropy

7.

1 point

Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil

In DNA, adenine pairs with guanine; in RNA, adenine pairs with thymine.

DNA consists of five different nucleotides; RNA consists of four different nucleotides

DNA is found in the nucleus; RNA is never found in the nucleus

8.

1 point

The primary structure of a protein is

the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain

an α-helix or a pleated sheet

maintained by hydrogen bonds

irregular folding

9.

1 point

Of the following, the structure of ATP is most closely related to

an anabolic steroid

RNA nucleotides.

an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached

a phospholipid

10.

1 point

The types of cell junctions found in plant cells are called

plasmodesmata

tight junctions

anchoring junctions

desmosomes

11.

1 point

Which of the following organelles is common to plant and animal cells?

centrioles

mitochondria

chloroplasts

wall made of cellulose

12.

1 point

A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is correctly described as

endergonic

enthalpic

exothermic

exergonic

13.

1 point

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track the location of these proteins in a cell. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme that is eventually secreted by pancreatic cells. Which of the following is the most likely pathway for movement of this protein in the cell?

ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Golgi → ER → lysosome

ER → Golgi → nucleus

14.

1 point

The transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways is best called

feedback regulation

bioenergetics

energy coupling

cooperativity

15.

1 point

According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?

when a protoeukaryote becomes symbiotic with a protobiont

from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes

from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes

from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for oxygen-using metabolism

16.

1 point

Which of the following is a problem that had to be solved as animals increased in size?
I. decreasing surface-to-volume ratio
II. reproducing in aqueous environments
III. the increasing tendency for larger bodies to be more variable

II only

III only

I only

I and III only

17.

1 point

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its

peroxisome

capsule

nucleoid region

nucleus

18.

1 point

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

the universe constantly loses energy because of friction

energy is conserved in all processes

all processes increase the order of the universe.

systems rich in energy are intrinsically stable

19.

1 point

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

desmosomes

gap junctions

intermediate filaments

plasmodesmata

20.

1 point

Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. All of the following are part of the cytoskeleton except

microfilaments

the cell wall

intermediate filaments

microtubules