Biology T2

1.

1 point

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

peroxisomes

tight junctions

glycocalyx

gap junctions

2.

1 point

All of the following are associated with the extracellular matrix of animal cells except

cellulose

fibronectins

collagen

integrins

3.

1 point

Which of the following is true regarding catabolic pathways?

They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers

They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers

They do not depend on enzymes

They lead to the synthesis of catabolic compounds

4.

1 point

Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter

The entropy of the universe is decreasing

Energy cannot be transferred or transformed

5.

1 point

Metabolism is best described as

synthesis of macromolecules

control of enzyme activity

breakdown of macromolecules

A, B, and C

6.

1 point

Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

DNA

endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes

cell wall

7.

1 point

A change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and ionic bonds is termed

denaturation

hydrolysis

destabilization

stabilization

8.

1 point

Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the

entropy of the system

entropy of the universe

enthalpy of the universe

free energy of the universe

9.

1 point

Which of the following best describes the relationship between proteins, RNA, DNA, and genes in humans?

DNA → genes → RNA → proteins

genes → proteins → RNA → DNA

RNA → DNA → genes → proteins

proteins → RNA → DNA → genes

10.

1 point

Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?

It energizes other molecules by transferring phosphate groups

Its phosphate bonds are easily formed and broken

It contains the most effecient quantity of energy to movea reaction foward

All of the above

11.

1 point

Which of the following are prokaryotic cells?

plants

bacteria

fungi

animals

12.

1 point

What would be an expected consequence of changing one amino acid in a particular protein?

The tertiary structure might be changed

The primary structure would be changed

The biological activity of this protein might be altered

A, B, and C are correct

13.

1 point

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in

cilia and flagella

lysosomes

chloroplasts

mitochondria

14.

1 point

What best describes a chloroplast

production of ribosomal subunits

vesicle containing enzymes for digesting macromolecules

helps organize the spindle apparatus during cell division

site of photosynthesis

site of cellular respiration

15.

1 point

According to the second law of thermodynamics, all of the following statements are true except that

life exists at the expense of greater energy than it contains

every chemical transformed represents a loss of free energy

the synthesis of large molecules from small molecules is exergonic

the Earth is an open system

16.

1 point

All of the following bases are found in DNA except

guanine

thymine

uracil

adenine

17.

1 point

What best describes a nucleolus

vesicle containing enzymes for digesting macromolecules

helps organize the spindle apparatus during cell division

production of ribosomal subunits

site of photosynthesis

site of cellular respiration

18.

1 point

According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme function, which of the following is correct?

The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme slightly

The binding of the substrate depends on the shape of the active site

Some enzymes become denatured when activators bind to the substrate.

A competitive inhibitor can outcompete the substrate for the active site

19.

1 point

In the double-helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to

ribose

guanine

deoxyribose

adenine

20.

1 point

When glucose monomers are joined together by glycosidic linkages to form a cellulose polymer, the changes in free energy, total energy, and entrophy are as follows

-ΔG

+ΔG

0ΔG

all of the above

21.

1 point

Which of the following is true for exergonic reactions?

The products have more free energy than the reactants

The products have less free energy than the reactants

The reactions upgrade the free energy in the products at the expense of energy from the surroundings

A net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed

22.

1 point

How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Add a catalyst like an enzyme

Decrease the concentration of reactants

Increase the entropy of reactants

Increase the activation energy needed

23.

1 point

An enzyme accelerates a metabolic reaction by

making the substrate molecule more stable

making an endergonic reaction occur spontaneously

lowering the activation energy

altering the overall free-energy change for the reaction

24.

1 point

Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?

mitochondria

Golgi bodies

leucoplasts

chloroplasts

25.

1 point

Which of the following are nitrogen bases of the pyrimidine type?

cystine and sucrose

glycerol and glycogen

guanine and glucose

thymine and cytosine

26.

1 point

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

cytoskeleton - microtubules

lysosome - protein synthesis

cell membrane - lipid bilayer

nucleus - DNA replication

nucleolus - ribosomal RNA

27.

1 point

Which of the following reactions could be coupled to the reaction ATP + H2O →ADP + Pi (-7.3 kcal/mol)?

A + Pi → AP (+10 kcal/mol)

CP → C + Pi (-4 kcal/mol)

DP → D + Pi (-10 kcal/mol)

E + Pi → EP (+5 kcal/mol)

28.

1 point

Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?

ATP is produced

DNA is present

Ribosomes are present

A, B, and C are correct

29.

1 point

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases ATTGCA, the other complementary strand would have the sequence

TUUCGU

TAACGT

TUUGCT

TAAGCT

30.

1 point

The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH (hydrophilic). The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is -CH3 (hydrophobic) Where would you expect to find these amino acids in globular protein in aqueous solution?

Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein

Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein

Both serine and alanine would be in the interior of the globular protein

Both serine and alanine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein

31.

1 point

What structure is often deposited in several laminated layers and has a strong and durable matrix that affords the cells protection and support?

primary cell wall

secondary cell wall

glycocalyx

middle lamella

32.

1 point

Molecules capable of interacting must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's

free-energy content

activation energy

endothermic level

heat content

33.

1 point

In the reaction A → B + C + heat,

the potential energy of the products is the same as that of the reactant

entropy has decreased

the potential energy of the products is less than that of the reactant

the potential energy of the products is greater than that of the reactant

34.

1 point

What best describes a mitochondrion

site of cellular respiration

production of ribosomal subunits

helps organize the spindle apparatus during cell division

vesicle containing enzymes for digesting macromolecules

site of photosynthesis

35.

1 point

Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because

they are able to maintain an internal temperature much cooler than that of the surrounding water

they use molecules other than proteins as their main catalysts

their enzymes have high optimal temperatures

the high temperatures facilitate active metabolism without the need of catalysis

36.

1 point

What best describes a lysosome

helps organize the spindle apparatus during cell division

vesicle containing enzymes for digesting macromolecule

site of cellular respiration

production of ribosomal subunits

site of photosynthesis

37.

1 point

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules?

cilia

centrioles

flagella

A and C only

38.

1 point

What best describes a centriole

helps organize the spindle apparatus during cell division

site of photosynthesis

site of cellular respiration

vesicle containing enzymes for digesting macromolecules

production of ribosomal subunits

39.

1 point

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

hydrogen bonds

electrostatic charges

peptide bonds

disulfide bridges