Darwin's Theory of Evolution (Ch. 16, 17, 19)

1.

1 point

In the Galápagos Islands, Darwin was able to observe

similar species in somewhat different habitats

completely unrelated species on each of the islands

most of the species of animals found in South America

species unrelated to those found in South America

2.

1 point

The species of finches that Darwin found on the Galápagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the

number of eggs in each bird's nest

birds' differently shaped beaks

similarities of the birds' embryos

length of the birds' necks

3.

1 point

Darwin formulated his theory of evolution by natural selection after

experimentation with animals

observations of many species and their geographical distributions

reading the writings of Wallace

agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution

4.

1 point

The scientist who attempted to explain changes to Earth such as the creation of mountains by plate tectonics was

Darwin

Lamarck

Hutton

Malthus

5.

1 point

Lamarck proposed that organisms

are not affected by use and disuse of organs

have an innate tendency toward simplicity and perfection

inherit all of the adaptations they display

have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection

6.

1 point

Lamarck's theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in any species appear as a result of

an unchanging local environment

the natural variations within the population of organisms

an accumulation of small mutations

the specific needs of the organisms

7.

1 point

The belief that only famine, disease, and war could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by

Darwin

Lamarck

Malthus

Lyell

8.

1 point

When Darwin returned from the voyage of the Beagle, he

realized his theory of evolution was wrong

copied the evolutionary theory of Wallace

immediately published his theory of evolution

waited many years to publish his theory of evolution

9.

1 point

When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are eliminated. Which part of Darwin's theory of evolution may be used to describe this situation?

acquired characteristics

survival of the fittest

reproductive isolation

speciation due to mutations

10.

1 point

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

undergone mutations

variations best suited to the environment

characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse

the smallest number of offspring

11.

1 point

Darwin's concept of evolution was NOT influenced by

the work of Lyell

his collection of specimens

the nature of DNA

his trip on the H.M.S. Beagle

12.

1 point

The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living invertebrates. Most evolutionary biologists would probably explain this on the basis of

the inheritance of acquired traits

a chance occurrence

the needs of the organism

a common ancestor

13.

1 point

Darwin's finches represent a good example of

adaptive radiation

sympatric speciation

phyletic gradualism

punctuated equilibrium

14.

1 point

The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by

Darwin and Lyell

Darwin and Wallace

Darwin and Malthus

Darwin and Lamarck

15.

1 point

Darwin viewed the fossil record as

a detailed record of evolution

interesting, but unrelated to evolution of modern species

proof that life on Earth is a relatively new occurrence

a complete record of all life on Earth

16.

1 point

Darwin's theory of evolution is based on

trasmission of acquired characteristics

a tendency toward perfect organisms

use and disuse

natural variation and natural selection

17.

1 point

Which concept is NOT included the modern theory of evolution?

descent with modification

transmission of acquired characteristics

competition among the members of a population

natural selection

18.

1 point

During the voyage of the Beagle, many of Darwin's observations were made

in England

on the Galápagos Islands

in North America

in Africa

19.

1 point

Hutton and Lyell's work suggested that

Earth is millions of years old

fossils are not the remains of living things

Earth is several thousand years old

all rocks on Earth contain fossils

20.

1 point

What did Darwin conclude upon reading the work of Hutton and Lyell?

All geological change is caused by earthquakes

Earth is relatively young

Earth is very old

Natural forces- such as rain, hear, and cold- do not affect rock

21.

1 point

Galápagos birds that Darwin thought were wrens, warblers, and blackbirds really were all

wrens

blackbirds

mockingbirds

finches

22.

1 point

Which statement is in agreement with Darwin's theory of evolution?

The organisms that are the fittest are always largest

More offspring are produced than can possibly survive

Acquired characteristics are inherited

Number of offspring are not related to fitness

23.

1 point

The theory that organisms evolve, or change, over time by natural selection was proposed by ______ first.

Hutton

Darwin

Lamarck

Malthus

24.

1 point

Darwin was prompted to publish his theory of evolution by

his wife

an essay by Wallace on evolution

the publication of Lamarck's theory of evolution

the vice-governor of the Galápagos Islands

25.

1 point

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is

artificial variation

survival of the fittest

natural selection

artificial selection

26.

1 point

An adaptation is a characteristic that can be physical of

acquired

that does not affect fitness

behavioral

geographical

27.

1 point

Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment

adaptation

fitness

diversity

evolution

28.

1 point

The pelvis and femur of a whale

are not inherited

are vestigial structures

allow the whale to walk

are acquired traits

29.

1 point

People of Darwin's time understood that fossils

had no relationship to living species

were preserved remains of organisms

existed only for animals

were available for every organism that ever lived

30.

1 point

The economist Malthus suggested that

babies are born faster than people die

people die faster than babies are born

in the 2000s, the seas will be overrun by oysters

in the 1700s, Earth was overrun by people

31.

1 point

Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that

all dogs are more closely related to fish than to whales

species change over time

most plants and animals can interbreed

all living things developed from fish

32.

1 point

In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of

chance

mutation

natural selection

genetic equilibrium

33.

1 point

A random change in allele frequency is associated with

directional selection

recombination

speciation

genetic drift

34.

1 point

The situation in which allele frequencies remain constant is called

genetic equilibrium

natural selection

evolution

genetic drift

35.

1 point

One of the conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium is

mutations

nonrandom mating

no movement into or out of the population

natural selection

36.

1 point

Populations are separated by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water in

behavioral isolation

geographic isolation

natural selection

temporal isolation

37.

1 point

A new species cannot form without

geographic barriers

different mating times

different mating songs

reproductive isolation

38.

1 point

Which is the first step that occurred in the speciation of the Galapagos finches?

continued evolution

reproductive isolation

ecological competition

founding of a new population

39.

1 point

The Galapagos finches are an excellent example of

genetic equilibrium

speciation

stabilizing selection

selection on single-gene traits

40.

1 point

The gene pool of a stable population will most likely continue to remain stable if

random mating occurs

the population size is reduced

the mutation rate increases

frequent movement into or out of the population occurs

41.

1 point

Individuals at only one end of a curve of phenotypic frequencies have higher fitness in

disruptive selection

directional selection

stabilizing selection

genetic drift

42.

1 point

The fitness of individuals with an average form of a phenotypic trait is highest in

stabilizing selection

natural selection

directional selection

disruptive selection

43.

1 point

Genetic drift tends to occur

in small populations

only in a new species

in very large populations

following stabilizing selection

44.

1 point

All members of a population

are temporally isolated

are able to interbreed

have identical genes

are geographically isolated

45.

1 point

What is true about gene pools?

They typically contain two or more alleles for each inheritable trait

The relative frequencies of alleles in gene pools are change dby sexual reproduction

They contain primarily dominant alleles

They contain primarily recessive alleles

46.

1 point

Which of the following characterizes Earth before the oceans formed?

volcanic activity

bombardment by comets and asteroids

an atmosphere of poisonous gases

all of the above

47.

1 point

A mass extinction would encourage the rapid evolution of surviving species

by changing developmental genes

by opening ecological niches

because it spared all organisms that had evolved convergently

because it killed all organisms that had coevolved

48.

1 point

The Cambrian Explosion resulted in the evolution of the first

marine life

dinosaurs and mammals

land animals

representatives of most animal phyla

49.

1 point

The process by which two species evolve in response to each other, for example, a flower having a structure compatible with the body structure compatible with the body structure of its pollinator, is an example of

convergent evolution

punctuated equilibrium

coevolution

adaptive radiation

50.

1 point

Two of the gases used in Miller and Urey's experiment include

nitrogen and carbon monoxide

oxygen and hydrogen cyanide

carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide

methane and ammonia