Clinical Neuro 11- Parksinsons

1.

1 point

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the

basal ganglia

corticospinal tract

thalamus

cerebral cortex

2.

1 point

The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is unknown.

True

False

3.

1 point

Drug-induced parkinsonism is the MOST common cause of the PRIMARY form of parkinsonism and is usually reversible.

True

False

4.

1 point

All of the following are known to cause parkinsonism EXCEPT

antihistamines

antiemetics

neuroleptics

antihypertensives

5.

1 point

All are true of secondary parkinsonism EXCEPT

caused by toxins, infection, neoplasm, trauma and artherosclerosis

is idiotpathic

usually reversible

most commonly caused by drugs

6.

1 point

Parkinson disease is caused by

a dopaminergic-cholinergic imbalance

excessive dopamine production

reduction in cholinergic activity

All of the above

7.

1 point

The feedback circuit involved in Parkinson's disease include all of the following EXCEPT

thalamus

basal ganglia

cerebral cortex

hypothalamus

8.

1 point

Parkinson's is associated with

hypertonia and hyperkinesia

hypotonia and hyperkinesa

hypertonia and akinesa

hypotonia and akinesia

9.

1 point

Parkinson's disease is as the result of dopamine depletion in the

basal ganglia

cerebral cortex

thalamus

All of the above

10.

1 point

A loss of __% striatal dopamine, and loss of ___% pigmented nigral neurons will result in parkinson symptoms.

60-80;60-90

60-90;60-80

20-40;20-50

20-50;20-40

11.

1 point

The classical manifestations of Parkinson's disease include all EXCEPT,

rigidity

abnormal postures

seizures

akinesia

12.

1 point

The Hoehn-Yahr scale is used for classifying Parkinson's Disease. The most severe symptoms involve inability to walk, and confinement to a wheel chair. This is represented by a scale number of

0

1

5

6

13.

1 point

Which is FALSE about a Parkinsonian tremor?

usually first motor symptom to appear in PD.

affects the arm more than the leg

asymmetric, rhythmic and regular

appears more frequently when moving, but disappears briefly when resting

14.

1 point

What abnormal gait pattern is seen in PD?

ataxic gait

choreiform gait

festinating gait

waddling gait

15.

1 point

The festinating gait pattern seen in PD is described as

short, accelerating steps in an attempt to maintain an upright position

long, slow steps in an attempt to maintain an upright position

side to side steps in an attempt to maintain balance

lifting of the foot in a steppage manner in an attempt to maintain balance

16.

1 point

The involuntary movement disorder manifested in PD is

akinesia

rigidity

akinesia and rigidity

None of the above

17.

1 point

The most prevalent and crippling symptom of PD

is akinesia

can affect muscles of the facial expression and eye control

can make chewing food difficult

All of the above

18.

1 point

Parkinson's disease may cause depression in up to ___ affected.

5%

25%

50%

75%

19.

1 point

Parkinson's symptoms involve a dysfunction in ALL of the following EXCEPT:

movement eg. akinesia, rigidity, festinating gait

reflexes eg. postural abnormalities

autonomic and neuroendocrine eg. constipation, orthostatic hypothension

cognition eg. dementia and bradyphrenia

mood eg. ENDOgenous depression

None of the above

20.

1 point

A patient shows symptoms of PD. Which of the following combinations of symptoms do you need to see for a patient to actually have PD?

bradykinesia and rigidity only

postural instability and rigidity only

bradykinesia only

All of the above

21.

1 point

Regarding diagnosis of PD, which is TRUE?

one of the 2 symptoms must be resting tremor or bradykinesia

causes of secondary parkinsonism should be first excluded

no specific diagnostic tests are available

All of the above

22.

1 point

Regarding the treatment of PD, which is TRUE?

There is no treatment for curing PD. i.e. treatment is symptomatic

dopamine is given orally to help increase dopamine in basal ganglia

cholinergic and histamine drugs help reduce the akinesia symptoms

adrenal-medullary transplantation has proven to be very effective

23.

1 point

Regarding the PROGNOSIS of PD,

levodopa has been helpful

PD still shortens life substantially

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death

All are TRUE