Clinical Neuro 9 - Neurological Infections

1.

1 point

In the adult the most common pathogenic organisms are all of the following EXCEPT

Pneumococcus (Strepto.)

Meningococcus (Nessiera)

Staph

E. Coli

2.

1 point

In which of the following is E. Coli the most common pathogenic organism?

neonate

child

infant

adult

3.

1 point

Which of the following is the most COMMON pathogenic organism in a child?

E. Coli

Listeria monocytogenes

Streptococcus pneumoniae

H. influenza

4.

1 point

Bacteria causes meningitis MAINLY because of what reason?

Fever

Toxic hemolytic secretions

Lysis activity

Inflammatory reactions

5.

1 point

In the early stage of bacterial infection of the meninges which immune cell is most dominant?

mononuclear cells

histiocytes

neutrophils

plasma cells

6.

1 point

In meningitis inflammation is followed by hyperemia and increased permeability.

True

False

7.

1 point

The early clinical effects of acute bacterial meningitis in ADULTS and CHILDREN are all of the following EXCEPT

Brudzinski Sign

Babinski Sign

fever

Kernig Sign

8.

1 point

Which of the following symptoms institutes immediate antibiotic therapy for meningogceal meningitis?

petechial rash (purpuric)

lividity of skin of lower extremity

large ecchymoses

lung infection with thick mucus

9.

1 point

Which of the following cases is least likely to be of pneumococcal etiology with risk for developing meningitis?

sinus infection in a splenectomized patient

heart valve infection in a child

lung infection in an alcoholic

lung infection in someone with sickle cell anemia

10.

1 point

Ventricular shunts for the control of hydrocephalus predisposes a child to infection for

staphylococci

pneumococcal meningitis

meningococcal meningitis

None of the above

11.

1 point

Acute bacterial meningitis is the most frequent in

the first month of life

teen years

puberty

old age

12.

1 point

The best method to diagnose meningitis in a baby is

vomiting

convulsions

lumbar puncture needle

looking for bulging fontanel

13.

1 point

Which of the following is most likely to be found in CSF in higher numbers during the first few hours of pnemococcal and influenzal meningitis?

macrophages

neutrophils

plasma cells

bacteria

14.

1 point

Which of the following is FALSE when diagnosing CSF for potential signs of meningitis?

low glucose content

high:low ratio of neutrophils to monocytes after day 1

a marked increase of mononuclear cells from day 1 to day 5

high protein content

high number of red cells

15.

1 point

Which of the following types of meningits-causing bacteria is the LEAST identifiable using a gram stain

Pneumococci

Meningococci

H. influenzae

16.

1 point

In addition to CSF cultures, a BLOOD sample should be taken to confirm the presence of the etiological agent of meningitis.

True

False

17.

1 point

In the case of bacterial meningitis, which of the following is FALSE regarding TREATMENT

bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency

septic shock must be dealt with as soon as possible

when diagnostic tests reveal the cause of the meningitis then an antibotic can be prescribed

first therapeutic measures are directed to sustaining blood pressure

18.

1 point

All of the following are antibiotics to treat meningitis EXCEPT

ampicillin

vancomycin

cephalosporin

ketaconazole

19.

1 point

Although bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency, it is usually non-fatal.

True

False

20.

1 point

Which of the following statistics regarding bacterial meningitis is FALSE.

untreated bacterial meningitis is usually fatal

pneumococcal meningitis has a higher mortality rate (15%) than the other bacterial causes

the mortality rate for treated meningoccal and h. influenza is meningitis is 5%

the mortality rate is the highest in the aged population than any other ages

21.

1 point

Tubercolosis meningitis is usally caused by

virus

an acid fast organism

a bacteria

allergic reaction

22.

1 point

Tubercolosis meningitis has 2 stages of pathogenesis. Pick the 2

seeding of the meninges and subpial regious with formation of tubercles

rupture of of a tubercle and discharge into the brainstem

seeding of bacteria in the subarachnoid space and formation of tubercles

rutpure of a tubercle and disarge into subarachnoid space

23.

1 point

All of the following tests can be done to diagnose tubercolosis meningitis EXCEPT

lumbar puncture/CSF sample

CT

skin sample

MRI

X-ray

24.

1 point

Tubercolosis meningitis can be treated with all of the following EXCEPT

ampicillin

pyrazinamid

isoiazid

rifampciin

ethambutol

25.

1 point

Although fungal infections may arise without obvious predisposing cause, it is most usually associated with (pick 2)

destruction of microbiota

impaired T-cell and humoral responses

ingestion of moldy food

heart disease

26.

1 point

Fungal meningitis most resembles tubercolous meningitis in regards to sympoms, signs and decelopment.

True

False

27.

1 point

Fungal infections occurs in people with weakened immune systems.

True

False

28.

1 point

Aspergillus and Candida are USUALLY responsible for which type of meningitis?

tubercolosis

fungal

bacterial

29.

1 point

What of the following drugs are used for the treatment of fungal infections?

rifampicin

isoniazid

amphotericin B

vancomycin

30.

1 point

The pharmaceutical treatment for fungal infections is dangerous because it targets the host's cells as well.

True

False

31.

1 point

All of the following are true of TOXOPLASMOSIS EXCEPT

it affects the spinal cord and the PNS

cat feces is widely known for containing the parasite

if found, it is usually involves the brain of AIDS patients

it is caused by the protozoan, toxoplasma gondii

infection in humans is either conginetal or acquired postnatally

32.

1 point

Which of the following is caused by a protozoan? Pick 2

aseptic meningitis

toxoplasmosis

cerebral malaria

TB meningitis

33.

1 point

Quinine is usually used to treat which of the following

Toxoplasmosis

cerebral malaria

Aseptic meningitis

TB meningitis

34.

1 point

Which type of viruses are most common in aseptic meningitis?

hepatovirus

enteroviruses

adenovirus

rotavirus

35.

1 point

Aseptic viruses usually include viruses, but can also include bacteria.

True

False

36.

1 point

Unlike fungal or TB meningitis, aseptic meningitis...

has a normal glucose count after the disease is established

has a low mononuclear count after the disease is established

has a low glucose count after the disease is established

has a normal mononuclear count after the disease is established

37.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a core symptom of viral meningitis?

fever

photophobia

nystagmus

headache

stiff neck

38.

1 point

The meningitic componnent of encephalitis syndrome is not always apparent.

True

False

39.

1 point

Which of the following is best used to meningoencephalitis?

urine tests

blood sample

CSF analysis

imaging studies

40.

1 point

The most common form of encephalitis is

west nile encephalitis

meningoencephalitis

herpes simplex encephalitis

41.

1 point

Herpes simplex virus-1 can cause encephalitis.

True

False

42.

1 point

Which of the following is TRUE about herpes simplex encephalitis?

it is very fatal (30-70%) and the most common

HSV encephalitis is almost always caused by HSV-2

hemmorhage in the inferior parts of frontal and temporal lobes is rare, as common with viral encephalitides

43.

1 point

Acyclovir is used to treat

Tubercolosis meningitis

Cerebral malaria

Herpes simplex

44.

1 point

AIDS patients may develop a form of encephalitis that gives symptoms of dementia, called

DDC

HSV

HPV

ADC