Epidemiology test

Animals that are T+ really are D+

Animals that are T- are actually D+

Animals that are T- really are D-

Animals that are T+ are actually D-

An animal identified as T- really is D-

An animal identified as T- is actually D+

An animal that is identified as T+ really is D+

An animal identified as T+ is actually D-

Study of the distribution of health outcomes, risk factors and exposures in populations

Study of the distribution of health outcomes, risk factors and exposures in continents

Study of the distribution of health outcomes, risk factors and exposures in communities

Study of the distribution of health outcomes, risk factors and exposures in veterinary hospitals

Asks the 'How?' and 'Why?'

Is always the first step in identifying a problem and often poorly done

Usually preludes to further studies

Involves hypothesis testing

Leads to identification of causal and preventative factors if done well

True

False - This is describing William Farr. Percivall Pott was the first to link observational study to a health outcome involving soot and scrotal cancer.

True

False

Infectivity

Diet

Immune Function

Use of the animal

Herd Immunity

Gender

Pathogenicity

Species

Genetics

Stressors

Housing

Age

In

Out

Recovers from the health outcome

Develops another different health outcome during the study, independent of the one in question

Death

Develops the health outcome during the study

Leaving the study (culled or sold)

Unable to follow up

Infection

Agent

Environment

Pathogenic vector

Host

Illnesses

Injuries

Disorders

Risk Factors

Behaviours

Diseases

Symptoms

Conditions

Mapped the cases of cholera and used this to link the cases in a defined area to a single water supply

Carried out case control study of the early BSE cases and established that contaminated meat and bone meal fed to calves was the probably source of BSE epidemeic

was the first to undertake randomised clinical trials

was the first to use a life table and statistics

(# of new cases)/(Sum of animal-time at risk)

(# of animals with the health outcome)/(# of animals in the total study population

(# of animals with the health outcome)/(# number of animals at risk of being diagnosed with the health outcome)

(# of new cases)/(Population at risk)

When each individual has an equal chance of being selected, and is allocated a number and a random number generator is used to generate the correct amount of sample units for the required sample size and the sample units with the corresponding numbers to the number generator will be sampled.

Selection of sampling units occurs at a pre-defined interval (known as the sampling interval). This process is used when the total number of sampling units is unknown at the time of sampling.

The sampling frame is divided into groups and random samples are taken from each strata or group to ensure adequate representation of each group in the population in the final sample.

Sampling frame divided into logical aggregations and a random selection of clusters is chosen and every individual sample unit within the cluster is examined.

Time

Place

Individuals

Populations

Out

In

True

False