Physiology 2 pt 2

1. Parasympathetic innervation of the heart occurs though

2. A decrease in sympathetic tone will cause which of the following things to happen?

3. Which receptor mediates an increase in myocardial contractility?

4. Postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons are stimulated by _____ via a _____ receptor located on their dendrites.

5. Which fluid compartment is high in sodium and low in protein?

6. At any given time most of the body's blood is located in

7. Most of the fluid in the body is

8. Which describes the correct sequence of circulation in humans?

9. One of your female friends has a hematocrit of 32. Your thoughts are:

10. Anemia may result from

11. Which of the following are mean (average) values for a hemoglobin (Hb) test?

12. The most abundant Plasma protein is

13. What do healthy kidneys produce that is essential to maintain a normal erythrocyte count and hematocrit?

14. What is the mechanism of action of Coumadin?

15. What is the proper sequence for the common coagulation pathway?

16. A clot that breaks loose and travels through the blood stream is known as

17. Pulmonary arteries carry

18. Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle contain _____ for mechanical coupling and _____ for electrical coupling.

19. Which part of the heart consists primarily of cardiac muscle tissue?

20. What produces a decreased rate of rise of pacemaker potentials, thereby decreasing heart rate?

21. This figure illustrates an
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-a.` /xxxxxxxxxx\ c
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(sorry guys this is the best I could do to recreate the image, just look at the lines not the "x" that's just a space filler)

22. In the previous question, what event is represented by (a.)?

23. In the previous question, the plateau (b.) is the result of

24. A drug that blocks L-type calcium channels will have the greatest effect on the function of which tissue?

25. What is used as a measure of cardiac preload?

26. Acetylcholine is

27. What is the correct order for the following events?
i.) opening of AV valves
ii.) 2nd heart sound
iii.) atrial systole
iv) isovolumetic contraction

28. In the cardiac cycle, the second heart sound (S2) corresponds to what?

29. In circulating blood in an average person, how long will a take a red blood cell in the right atria to return to the right atria?

30. End Diastolic Volume (EDV) - End Systolic Volume (ESV) =

31. Which of the following is NOT an expression of the Frank Starling Law of the Heart?

32. A positive inotropic agent will increase cardiac output by increasing

33. Mr. Jones has a heart rate of 75 beats/min and a cardiac output of 7.5 L/min. What is his average stroke volume?

34. Mr. Jones (from the previous question, Mr. Jones has a heart rate of 75 beats/min and a cardiac output of 7.5 L/min), therefore is likely

35. During isovolumetric relaxation, the semilunar valves are ______ because the ventricular pressure is ______ than the aortic pressure.

36. Decreased sympathetic tone will cause

37. Stroke volume is regulated by all of the following except

38. Compared with a normal heart, a dilated heart has

39. As we age our blood vessels lose some of their elasticity. As a consequence they lose the ability to fill with blood without experiencing a significant elevation of pressure in the vessel. This principle known as

40. Most systemic vascular resistance, and regulation of this resistance, occurs at

41. In general, blood flow is slowest in
(hint- blood flow, not pressure)

42. Blood pressure is read from

CO=

44. Increased venous return causes an increased cardiac output because it increases

45. What is the effect of epinephrine at beta 2 adrenergic receptors?

46. Hardening of the arteries due to the development of cholesterol laden plaques is called

47. When standing, what allows blood to flow "uphill" from the legs to the heart?

48. Blood pressure in lowest in

49. Increased sympathetic tone results in all of the following except

50. Local vasodilation of capillaries may occur in response to which stimulus?