Clin Med Exam 2

1.

1 point

What is the leading cause of mortality in low-income countries?

Lower respiratory infections

Diarrheal diseases

HIV/AIDS

TB

2.

1 point

What type of mutation occurs in Turner Syndrome?

Translocation

Trisomy

Deletion

Monosomy

3.

1 point

In what stage of infection is the maximum impact reached?

Acute Stage

Convalescent Period

Prodromal Stage

Incubation Period

4.

1 point

What is not an example of a limitation of Koch Postulates?

Has to be cultured and maintained in a pure culture

The same disease can be caused by multiple organisms

None of the above

Capable of producing the original infection, after several generations

5.

1 point

If a patient formally diagnosed with Herpes simplex was currently not presenting with any symptoms, what form of infection would this be?

Latent

Prodromal

Chronic

Active

6.

1 point

What type of toxin can induce clotting, bleeding, inflammation, hypotension, and fever?

Exotoxin

Endotoxin

7.

1 point

Cholera toxin, a toxin that induces fluid secretion into the lumen of the intestine, is a form of…?

Exotoxin

Endotoxin

8.

1 point

What is the most common opportunistic viral pathogen in AIDS?

HPV

Flu

HBV

CMV

9.

1 point

Which organism is referred to as an obligate intracellular bacteria?

Chlamydia

B. pertussis

T. pallidum

P. aeruginosa

10.

1 point

What type of organism is capable of causing damage through endotoxins?

Gram-positive

Protozoa

Acid Fast

Gram-negative

11.

1 point

What type of hemolytic pattern does S. progenies have?

Theta

Beta

Alpha

Gamma

12.

1 point

As more and more people get vaccinated against a particular organism, those that are susceptible are protected through…?

Solely through transfusions of plasma containing Antibodies from those who were immunized

Osmotic immunity

Herd immunity

They are not protected

13.

1 point

What is the MOA of Amphotericin B, a polyene anti fungal drug?

protein synthesis inhibitor

bind ergosterol and form holes in cytoplasmic membrane

nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor

inhibits synthesis of ergosterol

14.

1 point

In positive feedback mechanisms, the hormone being produced acts on the synthesizing cell by ______.

Gene repression

Gene induction

Mutation

The "turn on" phenomena

15.

1 point

Describe the characteristics of protozoa.

Multi-cellular, prokaryotic

Single cellular, eukaryotic

Single cellular, prokaryotic

Multi-cellular, eukaryotic

16.

1 point

What bacterium is the pathogen associated with sepsis and meningitis in neonates?

Neisseria meningitidis

S. agalactiae (Group B)

S. pneumoniae

H. influenzae

17.

1 point

M. tuberculosis uses host molecules as opsonins for uptake.

True

False

18.

1 point

Cold sores are caused by…?

HSV-1

HPV

HSV-2

HBV

19.

1 point

The expression of blue eyes is an example of…?

The proteome

The transcriptome

The phenotype

The genotype

20.

1 point

SPEA is an example of what form of virulence factor?

Endotoxin

Adhesion Factor

Evasive Factor

Exotoxin

21.

1 point

What organism presents with an M protein that keeps the bacterium from becoming phagocytized?

Enterococci

Staphlococci

Bordetella

Streptococci

22.

1 point

If you are bitten by a mosquito and subsequently contract malaria, what type of transmission occurred?

Airborne

Vector-mediated

Direct contact

Fomites

23.

1 point

What pyrimidine pairs with adenine in RNA?

Uracil

Thymine

Cytosine

Guanine

24.

1 point

Multi-drug resistant TB is classified as a Type ___ bioterrorism agent.

C

A

1

2

25.

1 point

What is spongiform encephalopathy?

A bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria ssp.

A prion disease caused by consumption of infected host, spontaneous mutation, or iatrogenic transmission.

A fungal infection caused by the fungus Spongiformus

The progressive deterioration of the brain caused by the Rabies virus

26.

1 point

During conjugation, a _______ is passed to another bacterium via a _______.

chromosome, pili

plasmid, pili

toxin, flagellum

pili, plasmid

27.

1 point

What is the formula for infectivity?

#deaths/#with disease x100

#infections/#infected x100

#with clinical manifestation/#infected x100

true negative/(true negative+false positive)

28.

1 point

In an athletic gender test, Barr bodies were not noted on a cheek prep made for a female basketball player. What does this indicate?

The player is most likely female

The player is most likely male

Unable to determine

29.

1 point

The characteristic "whooping cough" of B. pertussis infections is caused by…?

The paralysis of cilia from exotoxin

Secreted enzymes that degrade proteins

The capsules surrounding the organism

The contraction of the diaphragm due to endotoxin

30.

1 point

During a Gram stain, _______ decolorize upon the addition of alcohol, and stain ______.

Thin-walled, Gram negative organisms…Red

Thin-walled, Gram positive organisms…Purple

Thick-walled, Gram negative organisms…Red

Thick-walled, Gram positive organisms…Purple

31.

1 point

What is an example of a transforming virus?

infectious mononucleosis

Herpes simplex

Rhinovirus

varicella zoster

32.

1 point

Why are tick borne diseases an emerging infection in the US?

reforestation of eastern US increases tick population

deforestation causes ticks to seek human host rather than animal host

travel to forested areas has increased in the last few years

the popularization of hunting after Duck Dynasty aired has increased exposure to ticks

33.

1 point

Which of the following organisms is Gram negative, diplococci, and aerobic?

Clostridium

Neisseria

Staphylococcus

Pseudomonas

34.

1 point

Histoplasmosis is an example of what type of fungal infection?

Endemic, systemic

Superficial

Subcutaneous

Cutaneous

35.

1 point

Which of the following is an example of an agent-mediated factor influencing disease transmission?

immunogenicity

air quality

health status

genotype

36.

1 point

At what stage of viral replication is it said that the virus "exhibits tropism"

Attachment

Biosynthesis

Release

Penetration

37.

1 point

How many chromosome pairs are present in a daughter cell of meiotic division?

23 pairs

12 pairs

0 pairs

11 pairs

38.

1 point

What organism has mutated in response to inappropriate antibiotic use?

Psudomonas

Enterococci

Clostridium

Streptococci

39.

1 point

What are the filamentous appendages or spikes produced by many viral agents?

Hemagglutinins

Biofilm

Lectins

Pili

40.

1 point

What organism is responsible for changing the host behavior in order to evade the host defenses?

EBV

CMV

Schistosomes

Plasmodium

41.

1 point

In what type of Influenza does antigenic drift occur?

Both A and B

Influenza B

Influenza A

Neither A nor B

42.

1 point

How many total autosomes exist in a normal, healthy person?

23

46

44

22

43.

1 point

What is an insidious disease?

Sudden and intense disease; abrupt onset with little or no prodrome

The prodromal phase is protracted

Progress from infection to resolution without clinically apparent symptoms

Pathogen persists in tissue lying dormant

44.

1 point

What is an example of an opportunistic infection?

N. meningitidis infection

E. coli urinary tract infection

Bacillus anthracis infection of lungs (anthrax)

P. aeruginosa colonization in patient with cystic fibrosis

45.

1 point

What is the MOA for tetracycline?

Cell wall inhibitor for Gram-positive organisms

Inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis

inhibits protein synthesis through the inactivation of bacterial ribosomes

Inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis

46.

1 point

If a patient with a flu infection leaves the clinic with a diagnosis of acute sinusitis, what proportion of the "iceberg" does this patient fall into?

Diagnosed, uncontrolled

Diagnosed, controlled

Undiagnosed

Misdiagnosed

47.

1 point

For what organism is a giemsa/Leishman stain utilized for detection?

Fungus

Virus

Bacteria

Parasites

48.

1 point

Which of the following does not play into host susceptibility?

Type of car driven

Diet

Occupation

Age

49.

1 point

What is a limitation of Germ theory?

It went against the humoral theory

ID doesn't always lead to cure or treatment

Discounted environmental influences

Didn't explain why hand washing reduced number of infections

50.

1 point

What role does miRNA play in transcription/translation?

the transcripted copy of DNA used in translation

facilitates amino acid binding for protein synthesis

forms the structural backbone of the ribosome

regulatory and putative roles