PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE

1.

1 point

Anaphylatoxins are the

Induction of rapid degranulation of mast cells.

The "buttering up" of bacteria for daddy macrophage.

The biochemical toxins released from an allergic response known as anaphylaxis.

The attraction of phagocytes to an area of inflammation.

2.

1 point

This type of carcinogen is sometimes found in homes, as a result from decay of rock and soil.

Carbon Dioxide Gas

Radon Gas

Carbon Monoxide Gas

Sulfur Gas

3.

1 point

Isolation, Degranulation, and release of Growth Factors are all characteristics of

Platelets

Inflammation

Mast Cells

Chemotactic Factors

4.

1 point

A rare occurrence where a graft immediately turns white is knows as

Acute Rejection

Immediate White Graft Syndrome

Chronic Rejection

Type I Hypersensitivity

Hyperacute Rejection

5.

1 point

IgE:

Is the most abundant in the body

Present in a parasitic infection.

Is the first to respond.

Is found in the bodily secretions.

Has a low concentration.

Is used for allergic reactions.

6.

1 point

Primary Immune response in characterized by:

A production of IgM 5-7 days after initial exposure, then the production of IgG.

The rapid production of IgG against an antigen, followed by an increase of memory cells.

An influx of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils for non specific defenses.

The production of IgM, followed by the production of IgE for the same antigen.

7.

1 point

Early stages of inflammation generates exudate that is referred to as

Purulent

Serous

Fibrinous

Milky

8.

1 point

Which 3 Plasma Protein systems are entailment to an effective inflammatory response?

Albumin System

Clotting System

Inflammatory system

Kinin System

Chemotactic System

Complement System

9.

1 point

Dehiscence is the occurrence of

The infection of a wound from poor self-care behaviors.

The secondary release of IgG after another exposure to an antigen.

A wound pulling apart at the sutures from strain or infection.

The removal of sutures after complete healing of a wound.

10.

1 point

What are the primary systemic changes associated with the acute inflammatory response?

All of the above

Increasing levels of circulating plasma proteins

Increase in # of White Blood Cells

Fever

Leukocytosis

11.

1 point

Choose the correct descriptions of Innate Immunity:

Lymphocytes.

The Barriers.

Inflammation.

Has memory for future exposure.

12.

1 point

____________ and cancer have a lot in common. For examples, certain cells secrete cytokines, growth and survival factors that stimulate cellular proliferation.

Wound healing.

Inflammation

Lymphocytes

Tumor-Suppressing Genes

13.

1 point

Most RNA viruses replicate in the _______
Most DNA viruses replicate in the_______

Respiratory Tract ; Digestive Tract

Cytoplasm ; Nucleus

Cytoplasm ; Mitochondria

Nucleus ; Cytoplasm

14.

1 point

Anemia is characterized by a hemoglobin count of

less than 9 g/dl

less than 15 g/dl

less than 7 g/ dl

less than 5 g/dl

15.

1 point

What is the main difference between Primary and Secondary Immune deficiency?

Primary is genetic, whereas Secondary is acquired.

Primary affects the nonspecific defenses, whereas secondary affects the specific defenses.

Primary is acquired, whereas secondary is genetic.

Primary is autoimmunity, whereas secondary is alloimmunity.

16.

1 point

IgM:

Is found in bodily secretions.

Is present in passive immunity, such as breast milk.

Is the first antibody produced.

Is present 5-7 days after initial exposure.

17.

1 point

Tumor is also known as a

Benign

Neogenesis.

Malignant

Neoplasm

18.

1 point

What is HAART?

Therapeutic drugs to treat SLE.

Practices to prevent the infection of HIV.

Highly experimental treatment for patients with AIDS.

Recent regimen of treatment for HIV patients.

19.

1 point

Risk of serious microbial infection is increased when granulocyte counts fall below

800 cells/microliter

500 cells/microliter

1000 cells/microliter

200 cells/microliter

20.

1 point

Chronic inflammation lasts_________or longer

2 weeks

5 months

1 year

9 months

21.

1 point

IgA:

Is found in the bodily secretions.

Is the most abundant in the body

Is present in passive immunity, such as the breast milk.

Is present in allergic responses.

22.

1 point

The majority of liver cancers (80%) are associated with

Malnutrition

Chronic hepatitis from the Hep-B and Hep-C Viruses

Drug Abuse

Alcoholism

23.

1 point

__________ is the most frequently reported symptom of cancer and cancer treatment.

Hunger.

Fatigue.

Pain.

Dizziness.

24.

1 point

Choose the correct phrases that are characteristic of metastasis:

Can often be cured by surgery.

Spread of cancer cells to distant tissues and organs.

Local spread, or invasion, is the first step.

Associated with increased motility of tumor cells.

Associated with changes in cell-to-cell adhesions.

25.

1 point

What is Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

Disease in which the body produces a large amount of autoantibodies against self-antigens, particularly nucleic acids.

The most common, complex, and serious auto immune disease

The product of tumor markers having a biologic activity on the body.

A disease occurring more often in women

A systematic reddening of the extremities, by the dilation of vessels from the Lupus parasite.

26.

1 point

Primary Immune Deficiencies are more common than Secondary.

True

False

27.

1 point

Type _____ Blood is the Universal Donor.
Type _____ Blood is the Universal Recipient.

O- ; AB+

AB- ; O+

AB+ ; O-

O- ; AB-

28.

1 point

The majority of cancers are caused by genetic conditions.

True

False

29.

1 point

The following are examples of physical barriers:

Epithelial lining of the digestive tract.

Earwax.

Skin

Epithelial lining of the respiratory tract.

Epithelial lining of the urinary tract.

Sneezing

Tears

30.

1 point

What are the 4 mechanisms of action that the book describes antibiotics to have?

Neutralization of toxin production.

Inhibit function/production of cell wall.

Prevention of mitochondrial synthesis.

Interference with glucose metabolism.

Interference with folic acid metabolism.

Blockage of DNA replication.

Prevention of protein synthesis.

31.

1 point

IgG:

Is the most abundant in the body

Crosses the placental barrier

Is found in most of the bodily secretions.

Is present in passive immunity, such as breast milk.

Is the major class found in newborns and infants.

32.

1 point

Gastric Carcinoma is strongly associated with

A chronic infection of H. Pylori

Increased consumption of sodas.

Alcoholism

Infection of C. Albicans

33.

1 point

Opsonization is the

The coating of bacteria to increase susceptibility of being phagocytized.

The induction of rapid degranulation of mast cells.

The coating of self-antigens in Opson, a chemical marker that protects against autoimmunity.

The attraction of phagocytes to a site of inflammation.

34.

1 point

The most common route of transmission of parasitic organisms is from human to human.

True

False

35.

1 point

Individuals taking these types of drugs have a greater risk of developing viral associated cancers, such as non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Nucleotide Inhibitors.

Antifungals.

Immunosuppresants.

Antibiotics.

36.

1 point

Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction is in response to

Drugs

Environmental Antigens

Foreign Tissues

Foods

37.

1 point

The most important cause of cancer is

Cigarette Smoking

Alcoholism

Obesity

Ionizing Radiation

Ultraviolet Radiation

38.

1 point

Choose the correct descriptions of adaptive immunity:

It is inducible.

Destroys infectious organisms that are resistant to non-specific defenses.

It is the initial response to injury.

Provides short term, highly effective protection.

It is specific.

It is the second line of defense.

39.

1 point

Benign Tumors are characterized by

a well organized stroma

A loss of differentiation of cells.

Only invading nearby tissues, such as the lymph nodes.

Cell differentiation

40.

1 point

Anaplasia is the

loss of cellular differentiation.

separation of chromosomes during cellular division.

the beginning stages of a metastasis of a tumor.

rapid growth of a tumor into the lymph nodes.

41.

1 point

What is HIV?

A retrovirus that destroys the nonspecific immune response by infecting the granulocytes.

A retrovirus that supresses immune response by destroying T helper cells.

A rotavirus that destroys T helper cells, thereby supressing immune response.

A virus transmitted by blood, sex, sweat, and IV drug abuse that infects and destroys T helper cells.

42.

1 point

UV radiation is known to cause _______cell carcinoma and ______cell carcinoma.

Squamous ; Dendritic

Squamous ; Cuboidal

Basal ; Dendritic

Basal ; Squamous

43.

1 point

The following symptoms are present in acute inflammation:

Swelling

Tingling

Numbness

Heat

Redness

Dizziness

Pain

Loss of function

44.

1 point

What are tumor markers?

Cells that recognize and label malignant tumors for appropriate immune response.

Substances produced by benign or malignant tumors that are able to be tested.

Antibodies that mark tumors for destruction.

Specific areas on tumors that house an abundance of cells.

45.

1 point

Why are anifungal drugs toxic to the host?

Because the overgrowth of the normal flora may cause subsequent infection.

Antifungals are only made to be used with a certain blood type, so use with the wrong person is toxic and may result in death.

The product of antifungals is Hydrogen Peroxide, which is toxic.

Because fungi are eukaryotes, therefore we have similar cellular structure.

46.

1 point

_____is one of the most feared complications of advanced stage cancers.

Pain

Death

Incontinence

Blindness

48.

1 point

Inflammation causes microscopic changes that occur WITHIN SECONDS near the site of injury, they are

Vasodialation

Isolation of damaged area.

WBC adherence to vessel wall and migration into surrounding tissue.

Decreased Vascular Permeability.

Influx of cytotoxic T cells for destrction.

Increased Vascular Permeability.

49.

1 point

Malignant Tumors are characterized by:

Rapid Growth Rate

Well defined stroma.

Absence of normal tissue organization.

Loss of differentiation.

Well-differentiated Cells.

50.

1 point

The most severe form of malnutrition that is associated with cancer is

Anemia.

Anorexia.

Cachemia.

Cachexia