Chapter 7 Test

Benjamin Franklin and John Jay.

Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry.

Patrick Henry and John Adams.

George Washington and John Hancock.

Samuel Adams and James Madison.

the Supreme Court justices were to serve ten-year terms.

the congressional representatives were to be appointed by state legislatures.

senators were to serve two-year terms.

federal judges were appointed by the president, not elected by the people.

the president was elected by popular vote.

northern state conventions unanimously supported ratification while southern ones were deeply divided.

propertied men and urban dwellers formed the chief support for the Anti-Federalists.

Thomas Jefferson sent numerous letters from Paris opposing passage, but he was too far away to be really influential.

two states, Rhode Island and North Carolina, voted against ratification.

Alexander Hamilton reversed himself and argued against ratification.

made the case that free African-Americans were “citizens of color” deserving of full legal rights.

was a thinly disguised allegory explaining the need for the Constitution.

argued that America should reject manufacturing and remain an agrarian nation.

popularized the idea of the United States as a melting pot of ethnicities.

made the author so unpopular in the United States that he was forced to return to France.

South Carolina and Georgia imported an increased number of Africans, because in twenty years, the international slave trade would be constitutionally prohibited.

The personal opposition of Jefferson and Madison to slavery prompted Virginia to oppose ratification at first.

They objected to the electoral college on the grounds that it ignored the number of slaves in their states and thereby reduced their power.

They were critical of the provision in Article I allowing African-Americans to be armed during wartime.

They refused to ratify the Constitution without assurances that a bill of rights would be added to protect their right to slave property.

believed they had a right to take possession of western lands and use them as they saw fit.

were especially attentive to what land belonged to Indians and purchased Indian land legally.

threatened civil war because they considered the Confederation Congress to be too powerful.

were largely wealthy plantation owners who helped settle thriving trading towns along the rivers.

found that the soil was poor for growing cash crops such as tobacco or cotton and moved westward.

church and state must be linked in order to encourage republican virtue.

it was essential that slavery be abolished for liberty to flourish.

presidential power must be stronger than that of Congress and the courts.

the large size of the United States was a source of political stability.

to be a republic, a country must be geographically small.

praised American state constitutions for allowing future amendments.

took issue with James Madison’s vision of “extending the sphere.”

urged southern states to demand greater protection for slavery before ratifying the Constitution.

argued that the Constitution represented a repudiation of the Revolution.

took the British side when explaining why the Revolution occurred.

because they had aided the British during the war

because they had no written title to the land

because they had never believed that the Indians owned the land

because they were racially inferior

because they did not farm it

urged an expansion of public liberty.

distinguished himself as the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention.

opposed the idea of a strong national government.

played no role at the Constitutional Convention.

was Thomas Jefferson’s friend and protégé.

that land distribution policies were out of date.

to some influential Americans the need for a stronger central government.

that controversies over the emancipation of slaves could turn violent.

the chaotic nature of Indian policy after the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

that Congress’s attempts to pass pro-debtor laws were unpopular with farmers.

ended only because the Confederation government used force to put it down.

used the example of the Revolution and the terminology of liberty in organizing.

had the support of George Washington, but not of Thomas Jefferson.

arose from the struggle to ratify the Constitution in 1787–1788.

was aimed at the Vermont government, which was especially hard on debtors.

the right to bear arms for the militia should be guarded by law.

ratification of the Constitution was in doubt without the inclusion of the Bill of Rights.

using the examples of Wilkes and Zenger, the protection of speech and press was essential.

it would secure the minority against the usurpation and tyranny of the majority.

the English had one, so America ought to mirror that example.

pass tariffs.

emancipate slaves.

coin money.

regulate interstate commerce.

issue patents.

a series of essays promoting ratification of the Constitution.

not needed to ratify the Constitution.

written by John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.

used by a group of speculators to gain land from Indians out West.

opposition letters to the Constitution.

all immigrants to become citizens.

everyone except blacks to become citizens.

only free white persons to become citizens.

only white men to become citizens.

only Irish, English, and German immigrants to become citizens.

called for a radical departure from the Articles of Confederation in every way.

was a thinly disguised attempt to resurrect monarchy in America.

contained a gradual emancipation requirement that proved quite controversial.

was mainly supported by the smaller, less populated states.

found its greatest support from the Pennsylvania and Massachusetts delegations.

declared all Indian land to be the possession of the U.S. government.

was the first step in Alexander Hamilton’s plan for economic growth.

regulated western land sales through a policy that was amicable to the Indians.

established the policy to admit the area’s population as equal members of the political system.

abolished the Articles of Confederation and called for a second Constitutional Convention.

Federalism.

the New Jersey Plan.

the separation of powers.

the Constitution.

the Virginia Plan.

requires that all revenue bills receive a three-fifths affirmative vote in the U.S. House.

explicitly declared that slaves were not fully human and were therefore undeserving of legal rights.

gave the white South greater power in national affairs than the size of its free population warranted.

expired in the year 1808 because of a key sectional compromise at the Constitutional Convention.

made it easier to amend the Constitution than it had been to amend the Articles of Confederation.

should eventually be able to enjoy their natural rights, but they would have to leave the United States to do so.

who were held in slavery should be emancipated immediately and that every former slave family should be given a forty-acre farm in a western territory.

should all be held in slavery because, like Indians, they were clearly inferior to persons of European descent.

should, if legally free, be allowed to marry white persons.

like Indians, were naturally as intelligent as whites.

establish national control over land to the west of the thirteen states

eliminate a provision giving judges power to reject congressional acts.

create a new tax policy that would better fund the government.

sign major treaties with France and Spain.

block the passage of numerous constitutional amendments.

the United States recognized Great Britain’s claim to what is now Ontario.

twelve Indian tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the federal government.

Great Britain agreed to remove its remaining forts from U.S. soil.

the federal government forbade American settlement west of the Mississippi.

the U.S. government allowed Indians to petition for citizenship.

It specifically banned African-Americans from voting.

It allowed all white males over twenty-one to vote and said nothing about women.

It allowed all white males over twenty-one to vote but expressly banned women.

It imposed a property requirement.

None; it left voting rules to the states.

Congress demanded and received surrenders of large amounts of Indian land north of the Ohio River and in the South.

Nothing; Congress was so powerless under the Articles that nothing happened in this area.

It negotiated treaties for the tribes to keep their lands, but Congress was so lacking in power that the treaties proved useless.

Congress backed away from any involvement when land companies requested that the government step aside and leave the West’s economic development in private hands.

Congress recruited enough state militias to force the Native Americans off of their land.

a system that allowed a percentage of Indians each year to attend American schools

a system that placed Indians on reservations

a system under which the Indians ceded land to the United States annually

a system where the states paid each local tribe an annual fee for their land

a system under which the federal government gave annual monetary grants to Indians

wealthier citizens

merchants engaged in foreign commerce

urban artisans, laborers, and sailors

state politicians fearful of a strong central government

rural residents closely tied to the commercial marketplace

Many lived in the West.

Most were poor by the standards of the day.

None had served in the military.

None had experience as lawyers.

Most were better educated than the average American of the time.

They imposed their own tariffs.

They increased currency.

They called out militias to stop foreclosures on the homes of debtors.

They postponed debt collection

They printed their own money

They shared their British predecessors’ fears that frontier settlers would fight constantly with Native Americans

They expressed no views that historians have been able to find.

Benjamin Franklin advocated movement westward, but Thomas Jefferson fought him on it.

They hated them enough to pass laws banning their movement—much like the British Proclamation of 1763—but the settlers ignored them.

They viewed them as the start of a brigade that was going to spread American values and virtues across the continent.

It proposed a one-house legislature, with population determining representation.

James Madison opposed it, but the other delegates from Virginia supported it.

It was strongly opposed by the larger, more populated states.

It called for each state to have one vote in Congress.

It proposed a two-house legislature, with population determining representation in each house.

The House can remove the president from office after impeaching him.

Congress can override a president’s veto with a two-thirds vote.

Congress has the authority to accept or reject some presidential appointments.

Although the president appoints judges, they serve for life to ensure their independence.

The House can impeach the president for “high crimes and misdemeanors.”

The Constitution declared that all territories of the United States would be “free soil” where slavery would not be permitted.

Although never using the word “slavery,” the document protected several aspects of the institution.

The Constitution explicitly protected the security of property in slaves in any state of the Union, so that a slaveowner could move permanently with his slaves from South to North.

Despite protests from southern delegates, the document permanently freed runaway slaves who made it to the “free air” of the North.

The Constitution provided for half of a state’s slave population to be counted in determining its membership in the House of Representatives.

Congress prohibited the African slave trade ten years after ratification of the Constitution.

The First Congress under the Constitution prohibited the importation of slaves into the United States.

Congress always let individual states make their own decisions with regard to importing slaves.

Congress never prohibited this slave trade.

Congress prohibited the African slave trade twenty years after ratification of the Constitution.

Because the Constitution counted all Indians toward representation in Congress, Indians received all rights and privileges that other Americans did.

The U.S. government made treaties with them mainly to transfer land to itself or to the states.

Henry Knox, the first secretary of war, pursued policies designed to exterminate Native Americans.

No American leaders believed that Native Americans could assimilate into American society, so the government largely ignored Indians.

Because the Constitution stated Indian tribes were “domestic dependent nations,” the government treated them just as it treated nations like Great Britain and France.

The original Constitution did not define who in fact were citizens of the United States.

The document distinguished only between those defined as American citizens, who were entitled to constitutionally protected rights, and aliens, who were not so entitled.

The Constitution expressly stated that only white men were entitled to the rights it delineated.

The Constitution made clear that only civic nationalism, not ethnic nationalism, defined American national identity.

The Constitution clearly stated that persons of African descent could not be U.S. citizens, but that anyone of European or Asian descent could be.

an urban artisan

an indebted farmer in western Massachusetts

a Continental army officer from the Revolutionary War

a merchant desiring access to British markets

a person who owned a bond issued by the Congress

Congress was a two-chambered body, with a House of Delegates and a Council.

There were two branches of government—judicial and legislative—but no executive.

The more populous a state, the more votes it cast in Congress.

Congress could amend the Articles by a two-thirds vote.

Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce.

Thomas Jefferson and John Adams

Thomas Jefferson and George Washington

Benjamin Franklin and George Washington

John Adams and George Mason

Benjamin Franklin and John Adams

Tecumseh

Henry Knox

Little Turtle

Arthur St. Clair

Anthony Wayne

James Madison

George Mason

Thomas Jefferson

St. George Tucker

George Washington

They knew the Constitution would make them unpopular, so they wanted to create a way to avoid letting voters choose the president, thereby giving themselves a chance to be elected.

Alexander Hamilton wanted a king, James Madison wanted no president, and the result was this compromise so that there could be a president.

They did not; it was added to the Constitution after the disputed election of 1796.

Small states insisted that they have a chance to play a role in choosing the president, and that wouldn’t have been possible with direct elections.

They did not trust ordinary voters to choose the president and vice president directly.

The founders assumed that only prominent individuals could win elections in large districts, and that is what the founders wanted.

It was not; it had the 435 members it has now.

ere was a housing shortage in Philadelphia, so there was nowhere for more members to stay.

The founders thought that only five people per state were enough.

Since each state had one vote in the House, the founders thought that this would make debate more cordial.

gave slaveholders the right to recover slaves who escaped into the area north of the Ohio River.

banned slavery in the area north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River.

made no difference, because the U.S. Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional the following year.

allowed the importation of slaves into the Old Northwest for at least another twenty years.

allowed for new territorial governments to ban or permit the institution as they saw fit.

True

False