Anaerobic Metabolism

1.

1 point

Which is not one of the major fates of pyruvate?

Entering the mitochondrial matrix to become oxaloacetate or acetyl CoA.

Alanine

Lactate

Cholesterol

2.

1 point

Which enzymes are used to convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde, which is further converted to ethanol?

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

Pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase

Lactase dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase

Glycogen phosphorylase and alcohol dehydrogenase

3.

1 point

An example of anaerobic glycolysis is:

Pyruvate is converted to L-lactate, and NAD+ becomes NADH. ΔG’o = +25.1 kj/mol

Pyruvate is converted to L-lactate, and NAD+ becomes NADH. ΔG’o = -25.1 kj/mol

Pyruvate is converted to L-lactate, and NADH becomes NAD+. ΔG’o = +25.1 kj/mol

Pyruvate is converted to L-lactate, and NADH becomes NAD+. ΔG’o = -25.1 kj/mol

4.

1 point

Which is the best representation of the Cori Cycle?

Blood glycogen > becomes glucose in muscles > glucose releases ADP and become lactate > lactate enters blood > lactate enters liver > ADP and lactate are used to make glucogen.

Blood glycogen > becomes glucose in muscles > glucose releases ATP and become lactate > lactate enters blood > lactate enters liver > ATP and lactate are used to make glucogen.

Blood glucose > becomes ATP in muscles > ATP enters blood > ATP enters liver > ATP and glucose are used to make glycogen.

Blood glucose > becomes glycogen in muscles > glycogen releases ATP and become lactate > lactate enters blood > lactate enters liver > ATP and lactate are used to make glucose.

5.

1 point

The metabolic fuels usually used by a sprinter during anaerobic glycolysis are:

Muscle ADP, ketone bodies, muscle glycogen.

Ketone bodies, triacylglycerols, muscle glycogen.

Muscle ATP, creatinine phosphate, muscle glycogen.

Why go for abs when you can go for kebabs?

6.

1 point

The structure of glycogen:

Includes alpha-D-glucose units linked via beta 1 > 4 glycosidic bonds, with alpha 1 > 6 branch points.

Includes alpha-D-glucose units linked via alpha 1 > 4 glycosidic bonds, with alpha 1 > 6 branch points.

Includes alpha-D-glucose units linked via alpha 1 > 6 glycosidic bonds, with alpha 1 > 4 branch points.

Includes beta-D-glucose units linked via beta 1 > 4 glycosidic bonds, with beta 1 > 6 branch points.

7.

1 point

The enzymes involved in glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen, include:

Glycogen phosphorylase, debranching enzymes, and phosphoglucomutase.

Glycogen phosphorylase, debranching enzymes, and branching enzymes.

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, glycogen synthase, and branching enzymes.

Glycogen phosphorylase, debranching enzymes, and glycogen synthase.

8.

1 point

The enzymes of glycogenesis, the synthesis of glycogen, include:

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase, and branching enzymes.

Phosphoglucomutase, glycogen phosphorylase, and branching enzymes.

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, glycogen synthase, and amylo (1>4) to (1>6) transglycosylase.

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase, and amylo (1>4) to (1>6) transglycosylase.

9.

1 point

When glycogen is broken down by an enzyme which adds a Pi, a glucose 1-phosphate (glycogen’s previous non-reducing end) and a glycogen chain shortened by one glucose residue is formed. Which enzyme does this?

Glycogen phosphorylase

Glycogen synthase

Phosphoglucomutase

Inorganic pyrophosphatase

10.

1 point

Debranching enzymes release a glucose from glycogen using (a1>6) glucosidase activity and hydrolysis, yielding an (a) _________ (a1>4) polymer. They also move a block of 3 glucose residues on a branch of glycogen to a nearby (b) _________ end on glycogen.

(a) unbranched (b) reducing

(a) branched (b) reducing

(a) unbranched (b) non-reducing

(a) branched (b) non-reducing

11.

1 point

Phosphoglucomutase:

Transfers glucose-1-phosphate’s phosphoryl group from C6 to C1 to make glucose-6-phosphate during the TCA cycle.

Transfers glucose-1-phosphate’s phosphoryl group from C6 to C1 to make glucose-6-phosphate during glycogenolysis.

Transfers glucose-1-phosphate’s phosphoryl group from C1 to C6 to make glucose-6-phosphate during the TCA cycle.

Transfers glucose-1-phosphate’s phosphoryl group from C1 to C6 to make glucose-6-phosphate during glycogenolysis.

12.

1 point

Which of the following steps of glycogenesis is incorrect?

(1) UTP + glucose-1-phosphate are converted to UDP-glucose + pyrophosphate (PPi), catalyzed by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.

(2) Pyrophosphate is attacked by inorganic pyrophosphatase to become 2x phosphate (Pi).

(3) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase prompts UDP-glucose to release UDP.

(4) Glucose joins to the non-reducing end of a glycogen chain.

13.

1 point

Glycogen branching enzyme catalyzes:

The transfer of free glucose molecules to the non-reducing end of a glycogen branch containing <5 residues.

The synthesis of a glycogen chain primer.

The first step of the citric acid cycle.

The transfer of 6 - 7 glucose residues from the non-reducing end of a glycogen branch with >10 residues to the C6 hydroxyl group of a glucose residue within a glycogen chain.