PATHO PRACTICE TEST #4

1.

1 point

This is the most common type of anemia throughout the world.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Folate Deficiency Anemia

Pernicious Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

2.

1 point

Ultimately, shock progresses

from anaphylactic to septic

from neurogenic to cardiogenic

from anaphylactic to cardiogenic

to multiple organ failure and death.

3.

1 point

If the SA node is damaged, causing it to quit firing, the heart must rely on impulses directly from the sympathetic nervous system to keep functioning.

True

False

4.

1 point

Thrombocytopenia is defined as

a platelet count below 150,000

a platelet count below 400,000

a platelet count above 400,000

a platelet count below 200,000

5.

1 point

What are the four roles of platelets?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Initiating platelet-platelet interaction to form a platelet plug.

Restoration of oxygenation by stimulating angiogenesis.

Initiate repair process by clot retraction and dissolution.

Regulating blood flow by inducting vasoconstriction.

Activate coagulation cascade.

Activation of defense mechanisms by releasing histamine.

6.

1 point

What is the Triad of Virchow?

The three effects of venous thrombosis on the heart.

The three stages that lead to Myocardial Infarction.

Risk factors that contribute to varicose veins.

Three factors that promote venous thrombosis.

7.

1 point

Varicose Veins are caused by what 2 things?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Trauma to the valves of particular veins.

Venous stasis

Hypercoagulable state

Gradual venous distention caused by gravity.

Thrombus in the vein.

8.

1 point

Sympathetic stimulation, causing the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, have what overall effect on the heart?

Increased heart rate, Increased contractility, and vasodilation of coronary arteries.

Decreased heart rate, Increased contractility Vasodilation of coronary ateries.

Increased contractility, Increased heart rate, and vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries.

Myocardial Infarction

9.

1 point

The fundamental alteration of anemia is

increased affinity of hemoglobin to carbon dioxide, leading to tissue hypoxia.

Increased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, resulting in hyperoxia of the tissues.

an autoimmunity disorder where leukocytes begin attacking erythrocytes.

a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, resulting in tissue hypoxia.

10.

1 point

ADH provides an increase in blood pressure by what two effects on the body?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Stimulating the production of more cells.

Vasoconstriction

Reabsorption of H20

Reabsorption of Sodium

Increasing the heart rate.

11.

1 point

This is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes in the bonemarrow, decreasing the production of erythrocytes.

Leukemia

Leukocytemia

Leukocytosis

Leukopenia

12.

1 point

Myocardial Cells become ischemic within ________ of occlusion.

30 seconds

10 seconds

5 minutes

1 minute

13.

1 point

A single erythrocyte can carry up to _______ molecules of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood by ______ fold.

500 ; 100

300 ; 100

50 ; 300

100 ; 50

14.

1 point

This is the most commmon valvular abnormality.

Tricuspid Stenosis

Aortic Stenosis

Pulmonary Stenosis

Mitral Stenosis

15.

1 point

A normal erythrocyte has a limited life span of about 10 days.

True

False

16.

1 point

Anemia can result from what causes?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Altered production of erythrocytes

Blood Loss

Increased Erythrocyte Destruction

Combination of all above

17.

1 point

Raynaud Disease is characterized by

Painful Vasospams of the small arteries within the extremities.

Infection of the valves within the heart.

Hardening of the arterial walls.

Occlusion of the Coronary Arteries

18.

1 point

Albumin and Globulins are the two major plasma proteins of the blood. What would be a function of albumin?

Regulation of the passage of water and solutes through the capillaries, maintaining critical colloid osmotic pressure.

Defense and protection against infection.

Promote coagulation and prevent bleeding

Contain enzymatic inhibitors to protect tissues from damage.

19.

1 point

Fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, nausea, vomitting, epistaxis, abdominal pain, and tachycardia are common symptoms of

Buergers Disease

Myocardial Infarction

Acute Rheumatic Fever

Tamponade

20.

1 point

Most opposition to blood flow is provided by what?

Viscosity

Turbulence

Laminar Blood Flow

Diameter and length of blood vessels.

21.

1 point

_______requires a blood test of Partial Thromboplastin Time ;
_______requires a blood test of Prothrombin Time

Coumadin ; Heparin

Warfarin ; Coumadin

Heparin ; Digoxin

Heparin ; Coumadin

22.

1 point

Myocardial Cells can withstand about _______ of ischemic conditions before irreversible hypoxic injury causes cellular death and necrosis.

10 seconds

20 minutes

5 minutes

1 hour

23.

1 point

What is tamponade?

The rapid accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space.

The uncontrolled firing of the SA node, later leading to A Fib

Infection of the heart valves with Strep or Staph

Gradual hypertrophy of the ventricles in response to pressure.

24.

1 point

What are some things that a person with an AMI requires?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Pain relief

Immediate Supplemental Oxygen

Admission to the hospital

Immediate administration of Aspirin if not allergic.

Bed Rest

Continuous monitoring of rhythms

Immediate limited exercise.

Immediate return to daily activities.

25.

1 point

What are the 4 chief functions of the blood?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Defense against invading microorganisms and injury

Removal of wastes of cellular metabolism

Production of erythrocytes

Production of lymphocytes

Delivery of substances needed for cellular metabolism in the tissues

Maintenance of the acid-base balance

26.

1 point

The nurse runs a Complete Blood Count on a patient. The nurse notices that the total leukocyte count is 5,000/mm3. The nurse knows that:

This count is normal.

This count is suggestive of chemotherapy or immuno-suppresant therapy.

This count is abnormally high, and the patient could have an infection.

This count is abnormally low, and the patient runs a high risk of infection at this number.

27.

1 point

Which of the following is a normal blood volume in adults?

5.5L

6mL

7L

3.5L

28.

1 point

Olser Nodes and Janeway Lesions are common findings of

Infective Endocarditis

Raynauds Disease

Rheumatic Fever

Infectious Mononucleosis

29.

1 point

With B-12 replacement therapy, manifestations of sickle cell anemia can be reduced.

True

False

30.

1 point

This growth factor regulates the number of circulating platelets.

Thrombopoietin

Erythropoietin

Hematopoietin

Thrombocyte Activation Factor (TAF)

31.

1 point

This gas directly competes with O2 for binding with the ferrous ion that is about 200 fold greater than O2.

Ammonia

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon tetrachloride

Carbon Dioxide

32.

1 point

The first symptom of an acute myocardial infarction is always sudden, severe chest pain.

True

False

33.

1 point

Generalized lymphadenopathy occurs with what disease?

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Multiple Myeloma

Leukemia

Hodgkin Lymphoma

34.

1 point

The spleen is

The largest lymphhoid organ, whose macrophages filter and cleanse the blood.

The main organ that is responsible for the production of lymphoid cells.

The organ responsible for the maturation of lymphocytes.

Necessary for life and the production of erythrocytes.

35.

1 point

Chronic coronary obstruction results in predictable chest pain called

Stable Angina

Prinzmetal Angina

Silent Ischemia

Unstable Angina

36.

1 point

What percentage of the blood does the plasma account for?

5-10%

10-20%

50-55%

25-50%

37.

1 point

_____________is the most common cause of mortality in the Intensive Care Unite

Cardiogenic Shock

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Myocardial Infarction

Septic Shock

38.

1 point

The absence of Intrinsic Factor is the underlying alteration in this disease.

Pernicious Anemia

Aplastic Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Folate Deficiency Anemia

39.

1 point

The ______ is particularly susceptible to aneurysms, and the majority of them occur in the ________

Internal Carotid ; Brain

Aorta ; Arch

Aorta ; Abdominal Area

Femoral ; Leg

40.

1 point

Hypertension is described as

>140 S OR >90 D

>140 S OR > 80 D

>120 S OR >80 D

>150 S OR > 80 D

41.

1 point

A nurse takes a Red Cell Count on a patient. Normally, the nurse would expect to find a count of:

4.2-6.2 million/mm3

5,000-10,000/mm3

150,000-400,000/mm3

1-5 million/mm3

42.

1 point

The physical effects of left heart failure, primarily result from

decreased contractility of the right side of the heart.

congestion of the pulmonary vascular system and inadequate perfusion of the system.

congestion of the systemic vascular system.

increased contractility of the left side of the heart.

43.

1 point

A patient is admitted with a BP of 112/70, a heart rate of 100 bpm, an O2 sat of 98%, and a stroke volume of 50 mL. What is the patient's Cardiac Output?

4 L/minute

3 L/minute

4.5 L/mintue

I DONT KNOW MAN. I DONT LIKE MATH. SCREW THIS QUIZ

5 L /minute

44.

1 point

You run a platelet count on a patient who says he is taking heparin, and you notice his count is 120,000 platelets/mm3. This nurse knows that:

This is an abnormally low count, and probably heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

This is an abnormally high count, and probably caused by the drug heparin.

This count is normal, nothing needs to be done.

This count is abnormally high, but since heparin is an anticoagulant, further assessment is needed.

45.

1 point

Hematopoiesis regulates blood cell production at a rate of

100 million cells per day

100 billion cells per day

100,000 cells per day

1 cell per day

46.

1 point

Atherosclerosis, causes this, which is the earliest occurrence in the pathological continuum that impairs the pumping ability of the heart.

Myocardial Ischemia

Peripheral Artery Disease

Myocardial Infarction

Coronary Artery Disease

47.

1 point

This flat, iron containing disc can carry one molecule of oxygen.

Heme

Bilirubin

Hemoglobin

Hemoferrin

48.

1 point

What is the most important negative inotrophic agent?

Acetylcholine

Epinephrine

Troponin

Norepinephrine

49.

1 point

You notice spontaneous petechiae on your patient that were not present upon admission. You, as the nurse, run a platelet count. What count would you expect with this physical finding?

12,000/mm3

30,000/mm3

700,000/mm3

150,000/mm3

50.

1 point

Although all heart valves may be affected, in adults, those of the ________ are far more common.

Tricuspic Valve

Right Side

Pulmonary Valve

Left Side