Micro 19-24 Part 2

1.

1 point

When Metchnikoff put a splinter into the body of a starfish larva, he saw that it was soon surrounded by wandering cells. He was observing a process that today is described as

neutralization

opsonization

escortation

phagocytosis

2.

1 point

The theory of clonal selection refers to the

activity of cytotoxic and helper T-cells

activation of naive lymphocytes with receptors for a certain epitope

conversion of plasma cell to B lymphocyte

reversion of clones of B lymphocytes to clones of selected T lymphocytes

3.

1 point

Opsonins may be described as

types of white blood cells that are especially efficient phagocytes

substances that enhance the efficiency of phagocytosis

short antibacterial peptides

types of bacterial exotoxins destroys white blood cells

4.

1 point

Which of the following cells are leukocytes?

Erythrocytes

Platelets

Thrombocytes

Neutrophils

5.

1 point

The cells that have long, thin cytoplasmic extensions, are found in various body tissues and are very important in activation of lymphocytes are the

Dendritic cells

Eosinophils Eosinophils

Neutrophils

T cells

6.

1 point

Pus is often found in infections. It is composed of

fluid leaking out of the blood vessels

the digested material expelled from the phagoycte

dead and dying neutrophils and damaged tissues

fibrin clots

7.

1 point

A chemical circulating in the blood that causes a fever to develop is called a

Pyogen

Pyrogen

Histamine

Perforin

8.

1 point

What is a phagolysosome?

When a phagocyte starts to produce lysosomes

When a defensin start producing hydrogen peroxide

When a phagosome fuses with several lysosomes to digest a pathogen

A structure formed during the respiratory burst following phagocytosis

9.

1 point

Which of the following are mechanical barriers in the body's first line of defense?

Intact skin

Lysozyme a in tears. Lysozymes in tears

Normal microbiota like Lactobacillus lining the vaginal tract

Mucus lining the upper respiratory tract

10.

1 point

Which of the following is not one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

Redness

Pain

Swelling

Bleeding

11.

1 point

All of the following are true about chemical defensins except

found and produced on the skin surface

produced by phagocytic cells

produced win the bone marrow

produced by epithelial cells that line the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts

12.

1 point

All of the following statements are true about complement except

it contributes to enhancement of the inflammatory response and phagocytosis

it may be activated by three different pathways

it is a single protein that circulates in the blood

it can lead to information of the membrane attack complex

13.

1 point

Which of the following is the function of secondary lymphoid tissues?

Sites where immune cells form

Where mature immune cells interact with pathogens and carry out the acquired immune response

Returns body fluids to the circulatory system

Responsible for the production of blood cells

14.

1 point

The cell-surface receptor on a B-cell is a(n)

molecule of polysaccharide

cluster of haptens

antigen

antibody molecule

15.

1 point

Which of the following is not a lymphocyte?

B cells

T cells

Monocytes

NK cells

16.

1 point

Lysozyme acts on bacteria by

inhibiting protein synthesis in all bacteria

stimulating interferon production

destroying the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria

interfering with the motility of bacteria

17.

1 point

Naturall killer (NK) cells can be descibed by all off the following except

NK cells have special receptors for target cells on the surface of their membrane

NK cells recognize the body's cells and do not attack them

Nk cells secrete several cytokines that trigger responses from macrophages and other cells

Nk cells are phagocytes that rely on Class 1 MHC proteins to recognize the body's cells

18.

1 point

A non specific leukocyte that destroys tumor cells and cells that are infected with viruses is the

basophil

neutrophil

NK cell

monocyte

19.

1 point

Which cells can develop into antibody producing cells?

T-lymphocytes

B lymphocytes

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

20.

1 point

At the site of tissues damage and or/infection, tissue macrophages secrete cytokines that include

vasodilation and increased vascular permeability , allowing more cells and fluid in to the area

destruction of cells in the area so that the infection does not spread

septic shock in the area

bleeding to increase the blood in the area

21.

1 point

Innate immunity is the form of immunity that

requires T and B lymphocytes

takes place only in the blood

responds quickly to many common microbial features but not to host features

occurs in the thymus

22.

1 point

The innate immune system recognizes pathogens by identifying PAMPS,unique microbial molecular sequences that are found on host cells. The receptors on macrophages, dendritic cells and endothelial cells that bind to these PAMPS are called

chemokine receptors

toll-like receptors

opsonin receptors

acute phase proteins

23.

1 point

Haptens are poor stimulators of immunity because haptens may be

inability to perform cross-linking

too small to recognize the antigens at the receptor sites

unable to locate the proper B cell

easily digested by the phagocytes

24.

1 point

Antigenic determinants are the parts of antigen molecules that

code for antibody molecules

stimulate phagocvtosis

stimulate the immune system

clot blood

25.

1 point

All of the following apply to the body's white blood cell except

they have no pigment in their cytoplasm, so appear grayish when unstained

they are produced in the bone marrow

they carry oxygen to the tissues

they include cells that function in innate immunity and cells that function in acquired immunity.

26.

1 point

Which of the following leukocytes are involved in acquired immunity?

Monocytes and macrophages

Basophils and eosinophils

Neutrophils and Nk cells

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

27.

1 point

Which of the following cells are agranulocytes?

Neutrophils

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Basophils

28.

1 point

The theory called clonal selection specifies that

exposure to an antigen activates only T-and B-cells with receptors recognizing specific epitops on the antigen

the activation of T-cells produces antibodies that recognizes T the activation of T-cells produces antibodies are produced against epitopes

T cells are involved in the process by which anitbodies are produced against epitopes

B-cells provide resistance through direct cell-to cell contact with and lysis of infected or otherwise abnormal cells

29.

1 point

A compound that digests the cell wall of gram positive bacteria is

bile

lysozyme

interferon

stomach acid

30.

1 point

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid tissue?

Spleen

Thymus

Lymph nodes

Appendix

31.

1 point

Which of the following organs is part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)?

Peyer patches

Lymph nodes

Spleen

All of the above are correct

32.

1 point

The theory of specific immunologic tolerance suggest that

a person's own cells do not stimulate an immune response

antibodies are produced by only one clone of cells

antigens tolerate self-destruction by phagocytes

antibodies react specifically with immunologic substances

33.

1 point

Which of the following protects against colonization of pathogens by taking up space and nutrients on the skin and mucosa?

Nonpathogenic microbes that live on unhorse surfaces

Mast cells

Sebum

Phagocytes

34.

1 point

Which of the following are secondary lymphoid tissue?

Lymph nodes

Appendix

Tonsils

All of the above are correct

35.

1 point

Which one of the following is not an effect of complement activation?

Production of substances that triggers an inflammatory response

Lysis of pathogens

Enhancements of T cell function through production of cytokines

Opsonization

36.

1 point

Which of the folloing is true about macrophages and neutrophils?

Are phagocytes

Have large granules in the cytoplasm

Lack a nucleus

Have a life span of about 10years

37.

1 point

Which one of the following does not apply to plasma cells?

They secrete antibodies

They are derived from B-cells

They carry out their functions by producing cytokines

They are effector cells

38.

1 point

Chemical barriers to infection include all of the following except

stomach acid

defensins

mucus

low pH of vaginal secretions

39.

1 point

The function of the formation of a fibrin clot during an inflammatory response to a bacterial infection is to

wall off the infecting bacteria to prevent their spread

posion the bacteria

signal a response from specific lymphocytes

enhance diapedesis

40.

1 point

All of the following are true about a low to moderate fever except

it may be beneficial in immune defense

it may inhibit the rapid growth of pathogens

it may cause convulsion and death

it increases the body's rate of tissue repair

41.

1 point

Which of the following blood cells has the shortes life-span?

Erythrocytes

Neutrophils

Monocytes

Macrophages

42.

1 point

The immune response to intracellular pathogens is controlled and regulated by

T-cells

B-cells

dendritic cells

natural killer cells

43.

1 point

Which one of the following is not a toxic within the phagolysosome?

Nitric oxide (NO)

Superoxide anion (o2)

Chemokines

Acid hydrolases

44.

1 point

Neutrophils are those leukocytes that function

in the production of antibodies

as manufacturers of clotting agents

as phagocytes in body resistance

to neutralize acidic environments

45.

1 point

All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system except

forms an alternate pathway for blood circulation

maintains and distributes lymphocytes

monitors for pathogens

filters extracellular fluid before returning it to the circulatory system

46.

1 point

NK cells secrete two enzymes that attack foreign, virus infected or cancerous cells. What are they?

Histamine and lysozymes

Perforin and granzymes

Heparin and granzymes

Pyrogen and lysozymes

47.

1 point

Locations in the body where mature cells interact with pathogens are likely to be in the

membranes of the brain

lymph nodes and spleen

thymus gland

bone marrow where red cells are formed

48.

1 point

Chemokines are cytokines that

activate the acquired immune response

stimulate neutrophils to migrate to the site of an infection

induce an antiviral state in a cell

All of the above are correct

49.

1 point

The blood cell that contains cytotoxic granules that are particularly useful in killing multicellular parasites is the

neutrophils

natural killer cells

eosinophil

monocyte

50.

1 point

Which one of the following are not immunogenic?

Components of bacterial capsules

Flagella proteins

Pilus protein

Haptens