Chap 29

1.

1 point

Restrictive pericarditis

idiopathic or viral related to HIV, Hep, TB, sx, or trauma

fibrous scarring, calcification, related to TB, idiopathic, radiation tx, RA

pleural effusion

increase in fluid in pericardial cavity

2.

1 point

Left Sided Heart failure (systemic circulation)

increased output but metabolic needs still not met

CHF - systolic heart failure inability to produce adequate output

inability of R ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into pulmonary circulation

3.

1 point

Function and Location of Mitral Valve/Bi-cuspid:

Left AV valve prevents back flow into L ventricle

Prevents back flow into R/L ventricles

allows flow into systemic circulation

Right AV Valve

4.

1 point

Major changes in CVS related to aging EXCEPT

changes in cardiac output

Myocardial blood vessel stiffening

Significant decrease in HR

Slight increase in afterload (systolic pressure)

slight decrease in HR

Increase Stroke Volume

5.

1 point

Define Necrosis:

Heart Attack

programmed cell death

cells deprived of blood

accidental cell death

6.

1 point

Define: Ischemia

accidental cell death

Heart Attack

cells deprived of blood

programmed cell death

7.

1 point

Complications related to DVT

ischemia

edema

occlusion

normal blood flow

PE

8.

1 point

Acute pericarditis

fibrous scarring, calcification, related to TB, idiopathic, radiation tx, RA

idiopathic or related to viral infection (HIV, TB, sx, trauma)

pleural effusion

increase in fluid in pericardial cavity

9.

1 point

Cellular level that precipitates Atherosclerosis

injury to endothelium (fatty streaks, fibrotic plaques,Lesions) caused by smoking, HTN,DM,increase LDL, decreased HDL

Low LDL

orthostatic hypotension

high HDL

10.

1 point

High Output failure

metabolic needs unmet despite adequate output related to anemia, septicemia, hyperthyroidisim

inability of R ventricle to provide adequate pulmonary perfusion

CHF systolic HF inadequate systemic circulation

11.

1 point

Contributing factors to the development of DVT? Known as Virchow's Triad

Injury to Blood Vessel

Hypercoaguability

normal blood flow

Abnormal Blood Flow / venous stasis

ambulation

12.

1 point

Define Triglycerides? (0-200)

glycerol with three fatty acids

phospholipids / protein

mostly cholesterol / protein

mostly triglycerides / protein

13.

1 point

Major Blood Vessels that supply the heart muscle

L coronary artery supplies blood left heart

bundle of HIS

Purkinje Fibers

R Coronary artery supplying blood to R atrium/ventricle, SA and AV node

14.

1 point

Symptoms in children of Tetralogy (four) of Fallot? Most common Cyanotic congenitial heart defect

RV hypertrophy

Large VSD (ventricular septal defect) high in septum

left heart failure

Overriding aorta that stradles VSD

R heart failure

Pulmonary Stenosis

15.

1 point

Location and Function of: Aortic Valve

prevents back flow into R/L ventricles

R AV valve

allows flow into systemic circulation

L AV valve

16.

1 point

Mitral Regurgitation?

increased pulse pressure

angina, syncope, HF, decreased systolic BP, narrowed pulse pressure

mitral valve prolapse related to Rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis, CAD, Marfan syndrome

decreased pulse pressure

17.

1 point

Define LDL? (0-130)

glycerol with three fatty acids

mostly cholesterol/ protein should be LOW

mostly triglycerides / protein should be very low

mostly phospholipids/ protein should be high

18.

1 point

Location and Function: Pulmonic Valve

L AV valve

R AV valve

allows flow into systemic circulation

Prevents back flow into R/L ventricles

19.

1 point

Consequences of Aortic Stenosis?

angina, syncope, HF, decreased systolic BP, narrowed pulse pressure

widened pulse pressure

decreased flow to left atrium/ventricle

pulmonary HTN

20.

1 point

Define: Infarction

accidental cell death

planned cell death

Heart Attack

cells deprived of blood flow

21.

1 point

Consequences of undx HTN? except

stroke

pressure ulcer

renal kidney disease

impaired vision

hang nail

death

22.

1 point

Pericardial Effusion

pleural effusion

fibrous scarring, calcification, related to TB, idiopathic, radiation tx, RA

idiopathic or related to a viral infection (HIV, TB, sx, trauma, Hep)

increase in fluid around pericardial cavity

23.

1 point

How does the release of Angiotension II affect workload of heart?

vasodilation

hypotension

infarction

vasoconstriction stimulates release of aldosterone causing vascular hypertrophy HTN release of ADH ~ increases volume

24.

1 point

Aortic Regurgitation?

narrow pulse pressure

mitral valve prolapse

inability to close aortic valve leaflets during diastole with widened pulse pressure increased stroke volume and diastolic backflow

angina, syncope, HF, decreased systolic BP, narrowed pulse pressure

26.

1 point

Location and Function of: Tricuspid Valve

Allows flow into systemic circulation

Prevents back flow into R/L ventricles

Left AV Valve

Right AV valve prevents back flow into R atrium

27.

1 point

Development of Varicose Veins

pooling of blood, distended, tortous, palpable veins related to prolonged standing, tight clothing, crossing legs,

PAD

CAD

normal blood flow

28.

1 point

Define VLDL? (5-40)

mostly triglycerides / protein should be very low

mostly phospholipids/ protein should be High

glycerol three fatty acids

mostly cholesterol / protein should be low

29.

1 point

Atrial Kick (contraction)

Left atrial contraction ~ increases blood flow into left ventricle

pulmonary valve opening

Tricuspid valve opening

Right ventricle kick

30.

1 point

Vascular Complications of Atherosclerosis

Hypotension

Metabolic panel WDL

CAD

PAD

PVD

HTN

31.

1 point

Define HDL? (40-60)

mostly cholesterol / protein should be low

mostly triglycerides / protein should be very low

glycerol three fatty acids

mostly phospholipids/ protein should be HIGH

32.

1 point

Right sided heart failure (pulmonary circulation)

increased output but metabolic needs still unmet

CHF systemic circulation systolic HF

inability of R ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into pulmonary circulation

33.

1 point

Pericardium of the heart has 3 layers and has a double wall that encloses the heart. Pericardium functions are:

allows movement

prevents displacement

exposes the heart

physical barrier

has pain receptors/mechanoreceptors that reflex with change in BP/HR

34.

1 point

Frank Starling Law:

wall tension related to intraventricular pressure

Length ~ Tension relationship mech normal R/L ventricles maintain equal minute outputs even though their stroke outputs vary

SV x Heart Rate

preload x afterload