Microbiology - Exam 4

1.

1 point

Viral host range is most likely determined by

The type of genetic material in the virus

The type of capsid present in the virus

Random interactions with the host cell

Interaction between receptors on the surface of the host cell and spike proteins on the virus

ALL of the above

2.

1 point

The protein head of a virus which contains the nucleic acid is called the

Envelope

Genome

Capsid

Strand

Spike

3.

1 point

The process by which a virus particle becomes connected to the host cell is called

Attachment

Entry

Uncoating

Adsorption

Cytosis

4.

1 point

TRUE or FALSE: Bacteriophages grown on a lawn of bacteria from individual colonies which can be counted to determine how many viruses are in the culture

True

False

5.

1 point

The majority of bacteriophages have a genome made of...

dsDNA

ssDNA

dsRNA

+RNA

-RNA

6.

1 point

A common virion release method observed in enveloped viruses is

Lysing of cells at the end of the intracellular phase

Movement through pores in the plasma membrane

Budding

Exocytosis

Exiting through nuclear pores

7.

1 point

The process that forms virions is called...

Replication

Translation

Transcription

Self-assembly

Lysis

8.

1 point

Bacteriophages that can only undergo lytic cycle are said to be...

Lytic

Temperate

Integrative

Replicative

Virulent

9.

1 point

Which of the following is the MOST useful when classifying viruses?

Morphology

Replication Strategy

Genetic Relatedness

Genome type and structure

Self-assembly components

10.

1 point

TRUE or FALSE: Many of the membrane proteins used as receptors for viruses actually have other important cellular uses.

True

False

11.

1 point

Which of the following types of virus would most likely be able to complete its life cycle using only non host machinery?

+RNA

dsDNA

-RNA

Retrovirus

All of these can

12.

1 point

what type of enzyme would produce the genomes for ssDNA viruses?

reverse transcriptase

DNA-dependant RNA-polymerase

DNA-dependant DNA-polymerase

RNA-dependant RNA-polymerase

RNA-dependant DNA-polymerase

13.

1 point

What type of enzyme would produce the genomes for retroviruses?

reverse-transcriptase

DNA-dependant RNA polymerase

DNA-dependant DNA polymerase

RNA-dependant RNA polymerase

RNA-dependant DNA polymerase

14.

1 point

A type of viral infection in which there is a slow release of virions without cell death is called

Acute infection

latent infection

lytic infection

chronic infection

transformation into malignancy

15.

1 point

Viruses that have an icosahedral shaped capsid are closely related to each other.

True

False

16.

1 point

In an enveloped virus, the part of the virus including the nucleic acid genome and the surrounding protein coat but not the envelope is called the...

Capsid

Nucleocapsid

Matrix

Virion

Helical Capsid

17.

1 point

In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually acquire their envelopes?

Adsorption

Penetration

Uncoating

Synthesis

Release

18.

1 point

Some viruses cause abnormal growth of the cells rather than destruction. This is called...

Virulence

Lysis

Lysogeny

Latency

Transformation

19.

1 point

TRUE or FALSE: Bacterial viruses are so named because they have prokaryotic cell structures similar to their bacterial hosts.

True

False

20.

1 point

A ________ infection is one in which the virus quits reproducing and remains dormant for a period before becoming active again.

Persistent

Latent

Chronic

None of these

Two of these

21.

1 point

For herpes viruses (dsDNA) the genome replication happens...

In the nucleus

Using a DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase

By a rolling circle mechanism

ALL of the above

TWO of the above

22.

1 point

The viral DNA in a lysogen is called a(n) ________.

Lysogine

Infective Agent

Virulent Agent

Temperate Bacteria

Prophage

23.

1 point

Single-stranded RNA viruses whose RNA genome is used as a template to make mRNA are called

Negative-strand viruses

Positive-strand viruses

mRNA viruses

Bacteriophages

Temperate viruses

24.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT required to complete retroviral life cycle?

Reverse Transcriptase

An RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase

An RNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase

A DNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase

TWO of these are NOT required

25.

1 point

In order for plus-stranded DNA to replicate its genome, what must occur?

It must be converted into negative-stranded DNA

It must be converted into a double-stranded replicative form

It must be transcribed into mRNA

ALL of the above

TWO of the above

26.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the innate immune response?

It is also called nonspecific response

It acts as a first line of defense

It offers resistance to any microbe or foreign material

It has memory

It involves antigen presentation

27.

1 point

Another name for leukocyte is

Macrophage

White Blood Cell

T-Cell

Dendritic Cell

Basophil

28.

1 point

TRUE or FALSE: Even though macrophages are part of the nonspecific immune response, they play an important role in connecting to the specific immune response.

True

False

29.

1 point

Phagocytic white blood cells that circulate in the blood and migrate to sites of infection are called

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

T-Cells

B-Cells

Basophils

30.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT part of the innate host response?

Lysozyme

Skin

Complement

NaCl

Antibodies

31.

1 point

TRUE or FALSE: Even though macrophages are part of the nonspecific immune system, they can still recognize some foreign structures

True

False

32.

1 point

Which of the following is the primary function of the dendritic cells?

Antigen Presentation

Phagocytosis

Memory

Antibody Production

Cytokine Synthesis

33.

1 point

_______ is a process by which microorganisms or other particles are coated by serum components, preparing them for recognition and ingestion by phagocytic cells.

Phagocytosis

Inflammation

Clonal Selection

Opsonization

Cytokine processing

34.

1 point

The complement system performs which of the following functions?

Facilitating and enhancing phagocytosis

Bridging innate and adaptive immune responses

Disposing of immune waste products

All of the above

Two of the above

35.

1 point

Pathogens engulfed by macrophages are destroyed in structures called...

Mitochondria

Perozisomes

Pathosomes

Phagolysosomes

Endosomes

36.

1 point

The ability of the immune system to mount a response only to the current pathogen is referred to as...

Diversity

Specificity

Memory

Differentiation

Recognition of foreignness

37.

1 point

Circulating immunoglobulins are part of

The complement system

Cellular immunity

Humoral immunity

Innate immunity

None of these

38.

1 point

A microbial antigen with four epitopes would have a valence of...

ONE

TWO

FOUR

EIGHT

TEN

39.

1 point

Childhood vaccination is an example of ________ immunity

Natural

Passive

Active

Natural-Passive

Artificial Active

40.

1 point

Which of the following is an example of how innate and acquired immunity are connected?

A dendritic cell presenting an antigen to a T-cell

A monocyte differentiating into macrophage

B-cells dividing into memory cells

A cytotoxic T-cell killing an infected cell

A T-cell stimulating a B-cell to become a plasma cell

41.

1 point

T-cells attack...

host cells that have been parasitized by microorganisms

transplanted tissue cells from one host to another

Cancer cells

Infected macrophages

All of the choices

42.

1 point

B-cells that are actively producing antibodies are called...

Memory cells

Bursa cells

Activated cells

Plasma cells

Stem cells

43.

1 point

Memory B cells are produced during...

Vaccination

The Primary Immune Response

The Secondary Immune Response

All of these

Two of these

44.

1 point

TRUE or FALSE: Although the secondary immune response is faster, lower amounts of antibodies are produced.

True

False

45.

1 point

Which of the following is a primary organ of the immune system?

Thymus

Spleen

Lymph nodes

All of the above

Two of the above

46.

1 point

Which of the following granulocytes are important in the defense against Eukaryotic parasites?

Basophils

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

All of the above

Two of the above

47.

1 point

A specific type of PRRs that function as signaling receptors, bind the host cell nucleus, and initiate appropriate gene expression are called...

PAMPs

Toll-like receptors

Class I receptors

MHC Class II receptors

LPS receptors

48.

1 point

Which of the following events occurs during the acute inflammatory response?

B-cells produce antibodies

Blood and immune cells are diverted away from the site of injury due to chemical signaling

Cytokine release causes nearby blood vessels to get smaller

Cytokine release causes pain killing chemicals to be released

Injured tissue cells release chemical signals that activate endothelial cells of nearby capillaries

49.

1 point

The collection of genes that code for self vs. non-self recognition proteins is called the...

Interferon

Tumor necrosis factor

Major histocompability complex

Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulin A

50.

1 point

An individual with AB blood type can receive blood from which of the following donors?

Type O donor

Type A donor

Type B donor

ALL of the above

TWO of the above