GEO FINAL #3

1.

1 point

The greatest flow from rivers east of the continental divide in the Rockies in the USA is into the

interior West drainage

Gulf/Atlantic drainage

Pacific drainage

Hudson Bay/ arctic drainage

2.

1 point

Which of the following lists of processes are in the correct sequence as to their occurrence in nature?

weathering, erosion, transport, deposition

weathering, erosion, deposition, transport

deposition, erosion, transport, weathering

weathering, deposition, erosion, transport

3.

1 point

The ultimate base level is

sea level

a drainage divide

a dam

all if these are correct

4.

1 point

Natural levees are created during

normal flow conditions

low flow conditions

floods

none of these- all levees are man made

5.

1 point

Compressional stress along a fault in a dropped footwall block relative to the hanging-wall side, producing a

lateral fault

strike-slip fault

reverse fault

normal fault

6.

1 point

An element or combination of elements that forms an inorganic, natural compound is called a

tectonic rock

molecule

granitic compound

mineral

7.

1 point

What type of rock forms from the solidification of molten material?

igneous

sedimentary

metamorphic

8.

1 point

Watersheds are defined by

fluvial units

stream orders

continental divides

drainage divides

9.

1 point

What type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?

hydrothermal

igneous

metamorphic

sedimentary

10.

1 point

The motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface area along the fault plane is called the

epicenter

focus, or hypocenter

Richter zone

fault area

11.

1 point

A rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred as

metamorphic

igneous

ancient

sedimentary

12.

1 point

An example of chemical weathering is

exfoliation

karst topography

the breakdown of rocks by freezing and thawing

the wearing away of a stream bank by a river

13.

1 point

A landslide differs from a debris avalanche in that

a landslide moves much more slowly than a debris avalanche

the materials in a landslide are not saturated with water

a landslide moves much more quickly than a debris avalanche

the materials in a debris avalanche are not saturated with water

14.

1 point

The general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water is

mud

soil

debris

alluvium

15.

1 point

Ocean floors subducts under continents because

the weight of the continents is so great that they push the ocean floor material downward

the ocean floor is made of felsic materials and is lighter than continental material.

the ocean floor has a lower density and therefore sinks more easily

the ocean floor is made of magic (high magnesium content) material and is therefore more dense than continental material

16.

1 point

Limestone is a type of ___ rock that forms when ____

igneous; lava cools

sedimentary; broken fragments of rocks are deposited in a water environment and are then cemented together.

sedimentary; calcium carbonate precipitates, or organic material containing calcium carbonate accumulates in a water environment

igneous; magma cools

17.

1 point

The disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called

weathering

erosion

mass movement

landmass denudation

18.

1 point

If material is to move downslope, it must overcome the force of

inertial resistance of the material

friction

the cohesion of particles to each other

all of the above

19.

1 point

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

heavy rainfall- exogenic

weathering and erosion- exogenic

denudation-endogenic

volcanic eruptions- endogenic

tectonic uplifts- endogenic

20.

1 point

The undulating form that gives Earth's surfaces its character and general configuration is called

an order of relief

topography

crust

relief

21.

1 point

A tributary that is physically unable to join the main channel on a floodplain is called a

levee tributary

meandering tributary

yazoo tributary

alluvium stream

22.

1 point

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form and spatial distribution of landforms is

geography

geomorphology

environmental chemistry

geology

23.

1 point

Which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in Earth, from the surface to the center?

crust,asthenosphere, lower mantle, core

crust, core, lower mantel, asthenosphere

asthenosphere, lower mantle, crust, core

crust, lower mantle, asthenosphere, core

24.

1 point

When a river reaches a base level, its forward velocity rapidly decelerates as it enters a larger body of standing water and ____ is formed

an alluvial terrance

an estuary

delta

a stream terrance

25.

1 point

Which of the following lists is in the correct sequence from younger to older?

Holocene, Quaternary, Cenozoic

Tertiary, Quaternary, Cretaceous

Holocene, Precambrian, Cenozoic

Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Mesozoic

26.

1 point

Consider the equation Q=wdv. According to the equation, if Q (discharge) remains constant, but w and d decrease (when a channel becomes narrow and shallow), the velocity will

decrease

increase

remain constant

27.

1 point

which of the following is an example of a third order of relief?

the Basin and Range Province

a continental platform

the Shenandoah Valley

the Alps

28.

1 point

Normal faults are associated with

transcurrent forces

compressional forces

plate convergence

tensional forces

29.

1 point

Uniformitarianism assumes that

mountains, plains, and canyons formed by catastrophic events

catastrophic episodes have regularly occurred

the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geological time

Earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events

30.

1 point

In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock is called

sediment

parent rock

regolith

bedrock

31.

1 point

When geologists or archaeologists dig downward into a unit of rock or sediment, they are digging "back in time". This fact is based on the principle of _____

catastrophism

uniformitarianism

superposition

32.

1 point

The start of Georgia is principally within which major drainage basin?

north atlantic

Tennessee

ohio

south atlantic-gulf

33.

1 point

As a stream's velocity decreases, which of the following sizes of sediments will be deposited last?

clay

gravel

silt

sand

34.

1 point

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term

mass movement

weathering

erosion

denudation

35.

1 point

The average size of sediment in a natural levee is ___ that found in the surrounding floodplain

smaller than

the same size as

larger than

36.

1 point

Convergent plate boundaries are characteristic of

sea-floor spreading centers

collision zones between plates

lateral motions of plates

all plate boundaries

37.

1 point

If the capacity of a stream is exceeded, ____ will occur

downcutting

aggradation

erosion of valley walls

both downcutting and erosion of valley walls

38.

1 point

Which of the following is matched correctly?

sandstone-igneous

marble-metamorphic

granite-metamorphic

basalt-sedimentary

39.

1 point

The fact that water expands as much as 9 percent of its volume as it freezes is the basis of

pressure-release jointing

chemical weathering processes

crystallization

frost action (freeze-thaw)

40.

1 point

The Hawaiian Islands were formed as a result of

activity along a mid-ocean ridge

hotspot activity

an oceanic-oceanic plate collision

a continental-oceanic plate collision

41.

1 point

Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called

explosive debris

volcanic ash

cinders

tephra, or pyroclastics

42.

1 point

A hypsographic curve is

a graph that shows the change in temperature with depth below the surface of the ocean floor

a graph that shows Earth is of relatively high relief

a graph that shows Earth's relief is great when compared to its diameter

a graph that shows the change in temperature with depth below the surface of a continent.

a generalized curve showing Earth's surface by area and elevation in relation to sea level

43.

1 point

Explosive eruptions tend to build up

shield-shaped volcanos

composite volcanos

many subsequent lava flows

plateau basalts

44.

1 point

Exfoliation occurs because

overlying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rocks mass to expand and fracture.

water freezes in joints and expands

water combines with minerals and increases their size, thereby causing surrounding minerals to pop out of the rock matrix.

all of these are possible causes of exfoliation

45.

1 point

Stream transport involves all of the following except

sheet flow

saltation

traction

bed load

46.

1 point

Which of the following supports the continental drift concept?

radiometric dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center

plant and animal fossil records

magnetic field patterns preserved in the rocks

all of the above support the theory

none of these is valid evidence of continental drift

47.

1 point

The nucleus of old crystalline rock in each of the principle continental masses is called a

basalt mass

composite zone

mountain mass

continental shield, or craton

48.

1 point

Maximum velocity in a stream is found

at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the shallowest parts of the stream channel

near the inside of a meander

at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel

near the bottom

49.

1 point

When rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as

faulting

stressing

broad warping

folding

50.

1 point

Continental crust is basically _____, whereas oceanic crust is basically____

basalt; granite

sima; sial

granite;basalt

heavy; lighter