WHAP_Q's Ch. 18

The Russian government had no role in economic development, a task it abandoned to foreign investors.

Like the West, the governmentʹs role in the economy was largely restricted to establishing tariffs and protective measures for domestic industries.

Unlike the West, all production and distribution of goods was controlled by the government.

Because of the absence of a merchant class, the Russian government played a greater role than was common in Western states.

Because of the dependent nature of the Russian economy, the government played a relatively less significant role in economic development.

Reduction of taxes on the peasantry

Improved military weaponry

Systemization of law codes

Specialized bureaucracy

Elimination of noble councils

Pugachev

Radishev

Kirov

Kosygin

Constantinov

Austria

Prussia

Lithuania

Poland

Hungary

Ivan IV

Alexis Romanov

Ivan III

Peter III

Boris Godunov

Habsburg

Esterhazy

Radishev

Molotov

Romanov

Catherine flirted vigorously with the ideas of the French Enlightenment, but failed to take steps to abolish serfdom.

She was more interested in the process of Asianization and reforming the aristocracy.

Catherine was eager to continue the policy of Westernization, but was unable to attract Western philosophers to backward Russia.

Catherine rejected the concepts of Westernization in favor of a distinctive Russian culture.

Catherine earned the title of Enlightened monarch by fully embracing the ideas of the French Enlightenment, including the abolition of the serfs.

To avoid the need of importing military armaments

To raise the standard of living of all Russians

To create a free working class devoted to industry rather than agriculture

To create a peasant class that could support the nobility

To create a wealthy merchant class capable of financing further expansion

Independent central Asia, the source of nomadic cultures and invasion forces, was eliminated

There was no impact at first but as time went by, there was a gradual assimilation of the Chinese speaking groups

Chinese trade was refocused through Russia and eastern Europe.

Central Asia revived economically as a result of the expansion.

Russian society became more culturally and ethnically homogeneous.

abandoned the principles of territorial expansion in favor of centralizing power at home.

destroyed the hold of the Vikings on Russia and eastern Europe.

allied himself with the Russian aristocracy in a policy of political decentralization.

was responsible for the incorporation of Poland into the Russian empire.

wished to confirm tsarist autocracy by attacking the authority of boyars.

95

20

75

69

50

Royal control over the bureaucracy and reorganized military

Aristocratic control of the bureaucracy

Republicanism

Parliamentary government

Separation of church and state

Greece

Parts of Siberia

The Pacific coast of North America as far south as modern California

Poland

Alaska

The nobility virtually ran the Russian empire with very little interference from the central government.

The exclusion of the Russian nobility under Catherine the Great from any role in the central government or the military relegated them to strictly local authority.

The Russian nobility exercised enormous influence through the powerful assemblies that continued to legislate through the 18th century.

The politics of the Russian nobility were expressed through service in the tsarist state and the preeminent power they wielded over the peasant serfs.

Under Catherine the Great the Russian nobility was virtually exterminated.

Holy Roman Empire

The Umayyad Empire

The Abbasid Empire

The Byzantine Empire

The Ottoman Empire