exam 2

1.

1 point

Nicotine is more addictive than heroin. True or False?

True

False

2.

1 point

Benzopyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) targets a very specific gene. What is the name of this gene?

BP

K-53

p53

K-Ras

3.

1 point

_______________ is defined as the percent of people with a specific cancer that actually have that cancer detected by a test.

Specificity

Sensitivity

4.

1 point

All stages of breast cancer have excellent 5-year survival rates (over 80%). True or False?

False

True

5.

1 point

Which of these is the most frequent liver cancer?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Hepatoblastoma

Angiosarcoma

Lymphoma

6.

1 point

____________ are white lesions in the mouth and a sign of oral cancer.

Erythroplakia

Leukoplakia

7.

1 point

In the past, the tobacco industry has promoted the idea that they are a specialized segment of the pharmaceutical industry. True or False?

True

False

8.

1 point

Which one of these statements is NOT associated with lymphedema?

It can be caused by radiation

It can be caused by surgery

It can be caused by cancer

It is a build-up of lymphatic fluid

9.

1 point

Alcohol is a weak mutagen and a weak carcinogen. True or False?

False

True

10.

1 point

Of the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) we discussed in class, which one was associated with a higher risk of uterine cancer?

Tamoxifen

Ralaoxifene

11.

1 point

Which of these is NOT a beneficial effect of estrogen?

Safeguarding the heart by controlling cholesterol production.

Helping to maintain the proper balance between bone buildup and breakdown.

Promoting cell proliferation in the breast.

Preserving bone strength.

12.

1 point

What is the name of the rule used to distinguish benign moles from melanoma?

AMES

ABCD

Mohs

BRCA

13.

1 point

This cancer treatment indiscriminately kills all rapidly dividing cells throughout the entire body (i.e. systemic).

chemotherapy

antibody therapy

radiation

molecular therapy

14.

1 point

The presence of which of these gene families trigger uncontrolled cell growth?

DNA repair genes

Oncogenes

Tumor suppressor genes

15.

1 point

Cigarette smoke has been associated with cancer in pets. True or False?

False

True

16.

1 point

What is the name of the test used to screen for cervical cancer?

CIN

LEEP

Pap

STI

17.

1 point

_______________ is defined as the percent of people who do not have cancer and are correctly diagnosed as not having cancer.

Specificity

Sensitivity

18.

1 point

Which of these combinations of coloration is the most susceptible to developing skin cancer?

Red hair and pale skin

Brown hair and brown eyes

Blue eyes and brown hair

Pale skin and dark eyes

19.

1 point

As we discussed in class, alteration in genes involved in controlling cell proliferation and survival fall into 3 main categories (gene families). Which of these gene families functions in surveying the cell’s daily activities?

Oncogenes

DNA repair genes

Tumor suppressor genes

20.

1 point

With regard to breast cancer and the TNM staging method, which stage is associated with non- invasive breast cancer?

Stage X

Stage 1

Stage 0

Stage 2

21.

1 point

The most common HPV-associated cancers in men are what?

Testicular cancer

Oropharyngeal cancer

Cervical cancer

Anal cancer

22.

1 point

Of the types of lung cancer we discussed in class, which has the worst prognosis? Hint: it can also create its own hormones.

Large cell carcinoma

Non-small cell lung cancer

Small cell carcinoma (oat cell carcinoma)

Squamous cell carcinoma

23.

1 point

Second hand smoke can cause all of the following except?

Severe asthma attacks in children.

Increased risk of heart disease in non-smokers exposed to the smoke.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

All of these can be caused by second hand smoke exposure.

24.

1 point

Tanning beds have been put onto the list of “carcinogenic to humans” by WHO. Why is this?

UVA and UVB are present in tanning booths

Using a tanning booth is associated with a 75X increased risk of developing melanoma.

people do not use sunscreen in a tanning booth

people always sunburn in a tanning bed

25.

1 point

The protein product of the HPV viral gene __________ targets p53, whereas the protein product of the HPV gene _____________ targets Rb.

E5; E2

E6; E7

E6; E1

L1; L2

26.

1 point

_______________ is a noninvasive form of breast cancer.

DCIS

Inflammatory breast cancer

A and B only

LCIS

27.

1 point

eople with both a BRCA1/2 and HER2 mutation are at the highest risk for developing breast cancer. True or False?

False

True

28.

1 point

What does aromatase do?

Converts androgen to estrogen

Converts estrogen to testosterone

Converts estrogen to androgen

29.

1 point

Screening for cancer before symptoms appear has little value because cancers are not dangerous until after symptoms appear.

False

True

30.

1 point

Which of there is NOT a route of administration for chemotherapy?

oral (pill)

intramuscular injection (IM)

intravenous administration (IV)

topical (on the skin)

31.

1 point

Why is radiation given in fractionated doses?

Because normal cells are resistant to large doses of radiation, whereas cancer cells are susceptible.

Because both normal and cancer cells are susceptible to any dose of radiation, but fractionated doses give normal cells a chance to recover.

Because both normal and cancer cells are susceptible to any dose of radiation, but fractionated doses target cancer cells more directly.

Because cancer cells are resistant to large doses of radiation, whereas normal cells are susceptible.

32.

1 point

Target tissues of estrogen include

breast

uterus

liver

all of these

only A and B

33.

1 point

Hormone receptor status is important in breast cancer treatment because by blocking the receptor we can inhibit growth. True or False?

True

False

34.

1 point

What is a sentinel lymph node?

A lymph node that is the closest to a tumor.

A lymph node that is responsible for autoimmunity.

A lymph node within a tumor.

A lymph node that has cancer due to metastasis.

35.

1 point

What type of a point mutation specifies a stop codon?

Nonsense mutation

Missense mutation

Commonsense mutation

Silent mutation

36.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about HER2?

HER2 amplification is predictive of a poor prognosis in breast cancer

HER2 amplification makes cancer cells more responsive to hormone treatment.

HER2 over-expression affects 25% to 30% of breast cancer patients.

HER2 over-expression is also observed in tumors of the lung, intestine, prostate and fallopian tubes.

37.

1 point

________ is a form of radiation therapy where radioactive material is placed inside the body.

Internal-beam therapy

Radio incasion

Brachytherapy

38.

1 point

Mohs surgery is useful for biopsies and is also curative. True or False?

True

False

39.

1 point

Which of these is NOT a reason to have a screening test for cancer?

When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat or cure.

Screening tests are done after you have cancer symptoms because the symptoms determine the type on screening test

By the time symptoms appear, the cancer may have grown and spread.

Screening tests can help find cancer at an early stage.

40.

1 point

What is the most dangerous (deadly) form of skin cancer?

Melanoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

They are all equally deadly

Basal Cell Carcinoma

41.

1 point

Which of these is NOT a function of hormones?

stimulation or inhibition of growth

hormones can foo all of these

activation or inhibition of the immune system

induction or suppression of apoptosis

42.

1 point

Which of the types of UV is least likely to cause skin cancer?

UVA

UVB

UVC

UVD