Exam 1

1.

1 point

________ is based on the microscopic appearance of cancer cells and _________ is based on location of the primary tumor, tumor size, number of tumors, and lymph node involvement.

Tumor grade; tumor stage

Tumor stage; tumor grade

5-year survival; metastasis

Metastasis; 5-year survival

2.

1 point

Early detection has improved survival rates in cancer patients. True or false?

True

False

3.

1 point

In class we discussed 3 broad categories of disease. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a cause of cancer associated with those 3 broad categories?

Mildew

Genetic abnormalities

Infection with a pathogen

Radon

4.

1 point

Three of the following characteristics describe normal cells, while one describes a cancer cell. Which one describes a cancer cell?

differentiate

can have anchorage-independent growth

undergo apoptosis

reproduce themselves exactly

5.

1 point

Which of these statements is NOT evidence that our immune system reacts to tumors? Certain tumors regress spontaneously.

Immunosuppressive drugs are able to reduce cancer risk.

Certain tumors regress spontaneously.

HIV patients have a higher rate of cancer incidence.

Some patients with cancer have antibodies against the cancer.

6.

1 point

Stem cells, cancer cells, and the cells of embryos are able to keep dividing because of _____________.

telomeres

telophase

methylase

telomerase

7.

1 point

In the USA, the largest percentage of cancer cases is _____________ but most cancer deaths are due to ___________ cancer.

skin; colorectal

lung; skin

skin; lung

breast; lung

8.

1 point

Which one of these immune cells is different from the others because it can destroy compromised host cells rather than attacking invaders?

dendritic cells

macrophages

natural killer cells

phagocytes

9.

1 point

Normal cells are limited in the number of times they can divide because their ________________ shorten with each round of cell division.

telomerase

telophase

telomeres

methylase

10.

1 point

A ______ is an abnormal tissue growth in which cells proliferate in an uncontrolled, autonomous fashion whereas a _______ is swelling caused by fluid buildup or cell accumulation.

neoplasm; tumor

neoplasm; cancer

tumor; neoplasm

cancer; tumor

11.

1 point

_____________ is the protein enzyme that makes mRNA from DNA.

ribosome

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

transcribase

12.

1 point

Which of these types of epidemiology is the human equivalent of animal testing?

expressive

descriptive

experimental

observational

13.

1 point

Koch's Postulates...

are a set of rules for the assignment of a microbe as the cause of a disease

have been proven to be of little value and are no longer used

are a method for determining the carcinogenesis of a substance

disproved spontaneous generation for all living things

14.

1 point

Which of the following factors did NOT play a role in decreasing cases of infectious diseases in the Twentieth Century?

Decreased travel

Immunizations

Antibiotics

Better nutrition

15.

1 point

The idea that mice can come from dirty rags and rotting grain is an example of ______________.

specific gestation

specific alteration

spontaneous generation

spontaneous growth

16.

1 point

__________ is the frequency with which an allele yields an expected trait in a population.

Sporadic

Penetrance

Recessiveness

Randomness

17.

1 point

A scientific theory is __________________.

a well-tested explanation

a method of investigation

a proven fact

always true

18.

1 point

Which of these is not an anti-angiogenic drug?

Trastuzumab

Endostatin

Iressa

Avastin

19.

1 point

A p-value of 0.01 means that:

there is a 1% chance difference is false and a 99% chance that difference is real

there is a 5% chance difference is real and a 95% chance that difference is false

there is a 1% chance difference is real and a 99% chance that difference is false

there is a 5% chance difference is false and a 95% chance that difference is real

20.

1 point

Which of these is not a type of epidemiological bias?

detection

recall

selection

collection

21.

1 point

Which of these characteristics belongs to the lymphatics system?

more waste

high protein concentration

more nutrients

exchange in capillary network

22.

1 point

Which of these is NOT a main way cancer spreads?

Infection from someone with cancer.

Metastasis through the lymphatics.

Invasion into local tissue.

Metastasis through the blood.

23.

1 point

________ mutations occur after conception and _________ mutations occur before conception.

Inherited; Somatic

Somatic; Inherites

Recessive; Dominant

Dominant; Recessive

24.

1 point

Normal cells stop dividing when they contact neighboring cells, but cancer cells do not stop growing. Why?

The cancer cells have become immortal.

The cancer cell has lost anchorage-dependent growth.

The normal cells no longer send signals to stop growing.

The cancer cell has lost density dependent growth inhibition.

25.

1 point

____________ starts with precursor cells (angioblasts), whereas ____________ involves budding of new blood vessels from old ones.

Angiogenesis; Endiogenesis

Vasculogenesis; Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis; Vasculogenesis

Endiogenesis; Vasculogenesis

26.

1 point

The 3 gene families that are major players in cancer development are important because a single mutation in just one of these genes will result in that cell becoming a cancer cell. True or False?

True

False

27.

1 point

________of cancer risk is due to environment, while _______ is due to heredity.

50%; 50%

80–90%;10–20%

30–40%;60–70%

10–20%;80–90%

28.

1 point

What is the purpose of cell cycle checkpoints?

To make sure that the cell is performing its daily functions.

To allow the cell to undergo apoptosis.

To make sure the cell has done everything and is ready to divide.

To allow the cell to undergo metaphase.

29.

1 point

hen cells divide, each daughter cell needs a complete copy of the DNA. What is the name of the protein that makes the copy?

RNA polymerase

DNA polymerase

ribosome

transcribase

30.

1 point

In class we discussed the ability of cancer cells to become immortal. What do we mean by immortality?

Cancer cells gain anchorage independent growth.

Cancer cells become independent of external growth factors.

Cancer cells have limitless replicative potential.

Cancer cells are able to evade apoptosis.

31.

1 point

As defined in class, a disease can be any condition that causes discomfort, dysfunction, distress, or social problems to an afflicted person.

True

False

32.

1 point

The meat maggot experiment performed by Francesco Redi ____________________.

disproved spontaneous generation completely

proved that meat generates maggots

disproved spontaneous generation for larger organisms

proved spontaneous generation

33.

1 point

The ___________________, also called the pathogenic theory of medicine, proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases.

microbial theory of disease

germ theory of disease

Pasteur theory of disease

spontaneous generation theory of disease

34.

1 point

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is _________________ into ribonucleic acid (RNA) which is then _____________ into amino acids (protein).

transversed; translated

translated; transcribed

transcribed; translated

translated; transferred

35.

1 point

Which of these lists the stages of worsening cell growth in order of most normal to least normal?

hypertrophy, hyperplasia, neoplasia, dysplasia

dysplasia, neoplasia, hyperplasia, hypertrophy

hyperplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia, hypertrophy

hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia

36.

1 point

Characteristics of the adaptive immune system include all of the following except?

is always "on"

takes days to respond to an infection

is responsible for autoimmunity

highly specific

37.

1 point

Which of the following statements is NOT a part of the Modern Cell Theory?

All known living things are made up of cells.

Cells vary in chemical composition, depending on the tissue they comprise.

Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.

All cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division.

38.

1 point

Which of the following describes a correct pairing of nucleotides?

A pairs with C

T pairs with G

C pairs with G

T pairs with C

39.

1 point

Which of the following is not one of the gene families that are major players in cancer?

Tumor suppressor genes

Oncogenes

Apoptosis genes

DNA repair geres

40.

1 point

A pathologist is looking at a tissue sample from a patient. She notices that the tissue is normal looking and well differentiated. This sample is likely malignant. True or false?

True

False

41.

1 point

Which of these is not an example of a disease we discussed in class?

Sex addiction

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-Transitional Stem Cell Disorder

Alcoholism

42.

1 point

You are working in a lab and are performing an Ames test. The substance being tested causes 100 colonies of bacteria to grow on a plate of agar. Is this substance a carcinogen and why or why not?

No, because bacterial growth on a plate only means that the substance is a mutagen not that it is carcinogenic.

Yes, because you need 100 or more colonies of bacteria to grow for a positive result in the Ames test.

No, because seeing growth on the plate means the experiment did not work right.

Yes, because the Ames test determines whether a substance can cause cancer.

43.

1 point

Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to growth factors?

Can be self-produced or come from another cell

Proteins stimulate cell growth and division

Bind to a growth receptor

Cause transcription factor silencing

44.

1 point

We discussed many anticancer antibodies that were created in the lab. Of the anticancer antibodies listed below, which one was designed to destroy B cells?

Zevalin

Rituxan

Ontak

Herceptin