micro final

1.

1 point

which of the following are biological antiviral agent as opposed to chemical antiviral agents

nucleoside analogues

protease inhibitors

neutralizing antibody

none

integrase inhibitors

2.

1 point

common features of a generic gram negative bacteria and a generic gram positive bacteria are

a and c

d. both have NAG as a component of their peptidoglycan

c. both have mycoic acids attached to their peptidoglycan

a. both have teichoic kids within their outer envelope

b. both have NAM as a cell wall component

b and d

3.

1 point

for influenza type A the most likely features would be

a double stranded DNA genome

naked capsid

enzyme reverse transcriptase

lipid envelope bilayer

7 segment reverse transcriptase

4.

1 point

which of the following is a characteristic of or true for an effective vaccine

killed whole cell vaccines usually do not require booster doses

none

should provide a strong antibody

with negligible pathology it should induce active long term immunity to the pathogen

attenuated vaccines usually do require booster doses

all

5.

1 point

which is true for septic shock

LPS can activate mast cells

LPS can directly damage the vascular endothelium

TNF and IL-1 can be produced by Lipid A activated o

DIC can occur through LPS activation of the coagulation cascade

all

6.

1 point

which is true for chemotaxis

all

CheA can serve as a phosphatase for MCP

CheZ removes phosphate from CheY

none

CheW acts to methylate CheB

CheR can transfer phosphates from SAM to MCP

7.

1 point

which is true for a positive sense RNA virus

all

a complementary viral DNA must be produced in the host cell

the + sense RNA is replicated in the nucleus

none

viral proteins produced in the cytoplasm

viral proteins and RNA genome are packaged in the cell nucleus bud through the nucleus and cause lysis of the cell

8.

1 point

which of the following is true for a bacteriophage

have been used to treat bacterial infections

can directly infect eukaryotic cells

cannot integrate into the bacterial genome

an example is parvovirus B19

use reverse transcriptase for genome replication

9.

1 point

which is true for bactoprenol

c. can serve as a carrier molecule for O antigen biosynthesis

b. can serve as a phosphate source for phosphorylation of CheZ

a and c

a. can be used as a carrier molecule for peptidoglycan biosynthesis

none

d. can serve as a phosphotase

10.

1 point

a partial definition class of persons that share a common experience would best match which items below

case listings

risk determination

case definition

cohort

method of ascertainment

11.

1 point

which of the following would be an example of an attenuated vaccine

hepatitis b vaccine

DPT vaccine

all

none

BCG vaccine (TB)

haemophilus influenze type b vacine

12.

1 point

which is true for lipid A

all

a and c

d. two keto sugars are sequentially added to NAM

c. NAM is sequentially acylated

b. after diacylation it is combined with NAM

a. UDP-NAG is sequentially acylated at C2 and C3

13.

1 point

which is true for the class of drugs termed protease inhibitors

all

block the binding of the ligand on the virus to the receptor on the cell

as HIV DNA is being made, they are incorporated into the growing DNA chain and stop replication (Functioning as permanent roadblocks for that particular DNA molecule)

block post translational processing

bind irreversibly to the reverse transcriptase

14.

1 point

which is true for ebola virus disease

all

elevated levels of TF lead to activated coagulation factors in the blood stream

virus can impair IFN prouction

elevated levels of TNF leads increased levels of tissue factor (TF)

none

can decrease TNF tumor necrosis factor

15.

1 point

which are not common features of the epidemiological outline/case study approach/ for investigation of

conduct environmental studies to test hypothesis

conduct epidemiological study to test hypothesis

none above

generate a hypothesis

all above

implement prevention and control measures

16.

1 point

the best description of an ELISA is

an enzyme linked assay to detect the presence of antibody in sample

a radio-immuno assay for detecting S. enteric antigens

an assay used to detect presence of antigen specific t cells

a modified RT PCR for detecting different serotypes of S. enterica

a modified RT PCR for detecting viral DNA

17.

1 point

which is true of the norovirus

a. sensitive to environmental inactivation

b. single stranded DNA genome

c. positive sense RNA genome

b and d

a and c

d. naked capsid

18.

1 point

which of the following can be considered G+ rods

d. salmonella typhimurium

a. serratia marcescens

a and c

none

c. acinetoacterium baumannii

b. listeria monocytogenes

19.

1 point

which of the following are common with both peptidoglycan biosynthesis and LPS biosynthesis

a. UTP is coupled to GlcNAc yielding UDP-GlcNAc

a and c

none

d. chains are cross linked with through transpeptidation using pentaglycine peptides

c. two GlcNAc are linked together with a beta 1,4 glycosidic bond

b. UDP-GlcNAc is converted to UDP-NAM

20.

1 point

what is a component that can be found associated with bacterial cells

lysome

70s ribosome

all

golgi appartatus

ER

21.

1 point

which is true for the acronym HAART

may include nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase inhibitors

utilizes multiple antiviral drugs targeting multiple stages of viral replication

all

none

allows for a single drug to control infection with the virus that causes AIDS

highly active antiretroviral therapy

22.

1 point

what structure provides the highest level of resistance to vancomycin

slime layer

CAPMPs

outer membrane

capsule

envelope

23.

1 point

which of the following can be considered true for sporogenesis

the enzyme NAG racemase decreased to undetectable levels by the end of the spore formation

b. transcription of AbrB is induced by SpoB

a. commonly occurs during late log/early stationary phase of growth

c. may be triggered in response to a drop in available carbon sources

none

a and c

24.

1 point

which of the following are/is true for flagella

none

all

counterclockwise rotation results from maximum methylation of MCP

rotation is powered by an H+ gradient

clockwise rotation results from the action of CheZ

25.

1 point

receptor on HIV is

TCR

CD 8

MHC 1

none

gp120

26.

1 point

which of the following can be considered acid fast forming rods

none

c. staph aureus

a and c

b. chlamydia psittaci

a. vibrio parahemalyticus

d. clostridium septicum

27.

1 point

common features between penicillin and vancomycin include

a. both are bactericidal and can cause lysis of sensitive bacteria

a and c

d. both will readily penetrate outer membranes

all

c. both inhibit cell wall synthesis

b. both are broad spectrum antibiotics

28.

1 point

which of the following viral pathogens bind to CD4

norovirus

SARS virus

ebola

HIV

FMV

29.

1 point

recommendations for reopening the deli bar included all of the actions listed below except

educate food service workers on proper food preparation procedures

sanitizing all surfaces and equipment associated with the deli bar

requiring all food service workers to submit a stool sample before returning to work

disposal of all the leftover food from the deli bar

all

30.

1 point

which are common features of HIV and ebola

can infect macrophages

can infect t helper cells

none

can infect neutrophils

can not infect b cells

31.

1 point

which of the following should be followed/employed when collecting stool specimens to be tested for viral pathogens

all

use rectal swabs

freeze specimen for transit

none

collect within 6 days of onset of disease

include date of specimen collected

32.

1 point

which is true for HIV

none

facilitative intracellular parasite

negative sense RNA genome

all

utilize reverse transcriptase

viral RNA will integrate into the host genome

33.

1 point

with a functional adaptive immune response which is true for the immune response curve

all

none

IgM is usually peaks at a higher level after the secondary antigen challenge than after primary antigen challenge

class switch from IgM to IgG requires CTL cell involvement

on second exposure to antigen IgG increases to a much greater level than IgM

first antibody class to be produced after initial exposure to antigen is IgG

34.

1 point

which is true for the ebola virus

causes DIC

receptor for attachment is ACE2

positive sense RNA genome

all

naked capsid

none

35.

1 point

which of the following is/are a common starting material for both LPS biosynthesis and peptidoglycan biosynthesis

d. pyruvate

a. mycoic acid

c. UTP

all

a and c

b. NAM

36.

1 point

where does transpeptidation reaction occur in peptidoglycan biosynthesis

after translocation to the outer membrane

in the periplasmic space before the glycosidic bond is formed

in the cytoplasm while the subunit is attached to UDP

in the periplasmic space after the gylcosidic bond is formed

in the cytoplasm while the subunit is attached to the membrane associated carrier

37.

1 point

characteristics that are NOT associated with salmonella gastroenteritis are

duration 2-4 days

diarrhea

abdominal cramps

none

fever

headache

38.

1 point

which is true for john snows investigation of the causative agent of cholera

all

none

represented a common source outbreak

agent was easily isolated and grown on media

infectious agent was lethal in guinea pigs and provided a good animal model for snow to identify the causative agent of the disease

incubation period was easily determined

39.

1 point

which of the following are not zoonotic pathogens or zoonotic diseases

d. MERS-CoV

b and c

a. SARS virus

c and d

c. Ebola

b. Pontiac fever

40.

1 point

which of the following virus pathogens has an incubation period of usually 4-10 days and possible as long as 21 days and disease duration of 6-16

ebola

pontiac fever

norovirus

none

vibrio

41.

1 point

which of the following can be considered G+ cocci

all

d. bacteriodes fragilis

a and c

c. legonella pnemonia

b. morexella oseolensis

a. enterococcus fecalis

42.

1 point

an alternate host, site, or carrier that can serve as a source for infection of other individuals would be termed

harborage transmission

reservoir

fomite

biological transmission

none

43.

1 point

which is true for the adaptive immune response

macrophages can present antigen to t-helper cells

t helper cells can present antigen to b cells

all

CD 8 positive t cells recognize antigen presented by MHC II receptor on cells

none

the antigen receptor on a t cell is CD4

44.

1 point

which is true for macromolecule biosynthesis

monomers are activated usually involving binding to a carrier molecule such as ATP UTP GTP CTP or derivatives. energy for binding often invokes hydrolysis of a phosphate from the carrier molecule

carries are consumed in the process of subunit addition and require continual synthesis

formed from carbohydrate monomers

none

all

subunits are added by hydration reactions

45.

1 point

which of the items below would fit the definition of a severe viral lower respiratory tract disease significant pandemic during 1918 and while highly infectious has a very limited life span outside of the host

SARS

MERS-CoV

influenza type A

pontiac fever

aids