USH Final Study Guide Ch. 33-35

was a concerted attack by Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops on 38 of the 44 capital cities of the South Vietnamese States. This took the U.S. troops by surprise.

shocked the US in part because just a few days before it General Westmoreland, the commanding officer of US troops in Vietnam, had suggested the War was over, and that it would be only a question of "clean up" operations. The “disconnect” between what the US government was saying as to the war’s progress and this offensive is one reason that many historians think that the Tet Offensive was “the turning point” in US civilian opinion on the war – from support to opposition.

captured the ancient capital of Vietnam, Hue. It took US troops three weeks to retake the city. While the North Vietnamese occupied the city they killed near 3,000 civilians.

had General Westmoreland, in an obvious state of shock, suggest in interview that the "kill ratio" was in the U.S. favor. Stating that 40,000 Viet Mihn and Cong had died in the attack and "only" 1,100 US troops -- 12,500 civilians had died.

All of the above

True

False

witnessed revenues generated by the municipal transportation district declining by 65%, suggesting that the cities public transportation system was more intensely employed by blacks than whites, yet whites had received preferential treatment as a result of the segregated legal system that existed throughout much of the American South.

witnessed Rosa Parks, the Alabama State Secretary of the NAACP, refusing to relinquish her seat on a public bus to a white man as was legally required of her within the segregated South.

integrated the Montgomery, Alabama public transportation system in advance of the Supreme Court ruling that outlawed segregation on all public transportation systems.

witnessed a conflict between the NAACP and the SCLC, the former believed incremental legal challenges to segregation would be more successful as a strategy than direct confrontation as in the boycott in Montgomery.

All of the above

he feared losing support for his domestic programs

he was secretive by nature.

The Republicans demanded it.

He feared public protest.

True

False

Student activists had been told to move off campus; that they could not employ campus property to protest or recruit. This began “the free speech movement” at U.C. Berkeley.

During this time the university decided to expand a parking structure onto property owned by the university but occupied by a student led effort called People’s Park.

Confrontations between campus police and Berkeley city police were frequent and increased when a man named James Rector was killed. Law enforcement officers had fired over the heads of a group of protesters killing Rector who was on a balcony overlooking the protest.

A and B

All of the first three

controlling near 80% to 100% of all utilities, mines, cattle, and oil refineries, as well as 40% of the sugar and 50% of all public transportation.

in part, that economic dominance led to Fidel Castro taking the country over. He immediately confiscated over 1,000,000 acres of land from 3 American Companies, the largest being United Fruit, a client of Sullivan and Cromwell, a law firm owned by the Dulles Brothers who are Sec. of State, and head of CIA, respectively.

to regain control of Cuba in the Spring of 1960, President Eisenhower approved an invasion to retake the island. The CIA trained and armed 1,400 mostly Cuban exiles. (Among those trained for the Bay of Pigs invasion were Lee Harvey Oswald, and some of the future members of C.R.E.E.P. the Committee to Reelect President Nixon, those who are later responsible for the break in at the Watergate Hotel in 1972.)

All of the above

A and C

that the war was lost the result of the media controlling the perception of the war’s success verses it failure, especially after the Tet offensive.

that the US failed to support the South Vietnamese President, Diem. Who was, despite journalists at that time, claiming he was ineffectual actually quite successful in fighting against communist influence in South Vietnam.

Both of the above

Neither of the above

corruption and attacks on Buddhists.

the U.S. support of Diem’s refusal to allow elections.

Diem’s commitment to communism.

Diem’s refusal to allow land reform.

A and B

The U.S. supported these decisions, having sent an official delegate to the conference and in 1956 the U.S. supported the intended U.N. sponsored elections.

The U.S refused to send an official representative to the Geneva Conference on Vietnam in 1954 and refused to support a U.N. observed election to unify Vietnam in1956.

military industrial complex.

Containment Policy in Asia.

refusal to help seize the Suez Canal.

covert CIA activity in Iran.

bombard North Vietnam from U.S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin.

use air power to avoid greater use of ground troops.

keep Cambodia from supplying North Vietnam

round up North Vietnamese sympathizers in South Vietnam.

True

False

True

False

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the Governor Ohio, James Rhodes said, "We are going to eradicate the problem" regarding student protest.

the National Guard Commander, General Robert Canterbury said, "These students are going to have to find out what law and order are all about"

near noon National Guardsmen with M-1 rifles that have a horizontal range of near 2 miles, fired their weapons toward protesting students who were attempting to burn the ROTC office on campus. 4 died and 9 were wounded. Some of those killed and wounded were a half mile away and not involved in the protest.

A and B

All of the above

the Supreme Courts' unanimous decision in favor of desegregating public schools was seen as necessary to the Chief Justice Earl Warren so as to give as much force to the decision as was possible on the part of the Court.

was not supported by President Eisenhower who went so far as to suggest, “Personally, I disagree with the decision.”

was enforced by President Eisenhower by installing federal troops in Little Rock, Arkansas in order to force the High School there to integrate

A and B

All of the above

Governor Ronald Reagan when asked to comment on student protests at California universities.

President Richard Nixon in response to incidents at Kent State University in Ohio where 4 students were killed and 9 were wounded.

Federal Judge Archibald Cox when 2 students were killed and 14 were wounded at Mississippi State University.

Feb. 25th, student protesters burned the Bank of America, and chased 85 sheriff officers out of Isla Vista, California.

At Jackson State University in Mississippi on March 14th local sheriffs fired over the heads of student protesters, not realizing they were firing into a girls’ dorm. 2 died and 14 were wounded.

An engineering student at UCSB was attempting to dampen protests in Isla Vista California. He had just extinguished a fire started by a “Molotov cocktail” when sheriffs entered the area. One of the sheriffs accidentally shot and killed Kevin Moran on the night of April 17th.

A and B

All of the first three

Eldridge Cleaver of the Black Panthers

Timothy Leary the LSD guru

Charles Keating of the California Savings and Loan

was the C.I.A. plan to arrange the assassination of the President of South Vietnam, Ngo Dign Diem, whom the C.I.A. had installed and the U.S. had supported ten years earlier.

was the F.B.I. secret attempt to destroy the reputation of Martin Luther King.

was the code for the attempted invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs.

was a reference to the Cuban Missile Crisis.

none of the above.